本文選題：電力供應鏈 + 碳減排　； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為加快推進綠色低碳發(fā)展,2016年國家政策提出到2020年,單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放量和單位工業(yè)增加值二氧化碳排放量分別比2015年下降18%和22%的減排目標,同時2017年全面啟動全國碳排放權(quán)交易市場。而電力行業(yè)也成為首批被納入到全國碳排放權(quán)交易體系的重點行業(yè)之一,電力行業(yè)是我國碳排放的重大來源,因此促進我國的碳減排,電力行業(yè)無疑是十分關(guān)鍵的行業(yè)。尤其是燃煤電廠,作為碳排放的大戶,實施碳減排刻不容緩。本文從電力供應鏈角度出發(fā),以燃煤火電廠和下游供電企業(yè)為主要研究對象,同時將節(jié)能服務公司作為提供專業(yè)碳減排服務的經(jīng)營主體納入到電力供應鏈碳減排系統(tǒng)中,通過充分分析電力供應鏈的各個主體的各方面的影響因素,構(gòu)建了碳交易機制下電力供應鏈碳減排的系統(tǒng)動力學模型。基于碳交易機制,本文主要研究了電力供應鏈的三種碳減排方式:(1)發(fā)電商獨自實施碳減排;(2)發(fā)電商和售電商合作碳減排;(3)發(fā)電商和節(jié)能服務公司合作碳減排。運用模型,對不同碳減排方式進行模擬分析,研究了碳交易價格、低碳電價讓利系數(shù)、收益共享系數(shù)、投資總費用和減排量等關(guān)鍵因素,分析電力供應鏈主體的碳減排相關(guān)的決策問題,根據(jù)研究結(jié)論提出了相應的碳減排建議。研究結(jié)果表明,本文運用系統(tǒng)動力學方法建立的電力供應鏈碳減排模型具有一定的可行性和可操作性,可以有效反映電力供應鏈碳減排過程中的相關(guān)決策問題。通過綜合分析,主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)售電商合作碳減排和節(jié)能服務公司合作碳減排,這兩種合作碳減排方式都優(yōu)于發(fā)電商獨自碳減排,都是可供優(yōu)先選擇的碳減排方式;(2)碳排放權(quán)交易是促進電力供應鏈改革,促進電力企業(yè)積極實施碳減排,促進低碳技術(shù)研發(fā)及應用的一種有效機制;(3)不管在哪種碳減排方式下,碳交易價格都是影響各方經(jīng)營決策的重要因素,目前碳交易價格不合理,價格偏低,不能體現(xiàn)節(jié)能服務公司實施碳減排的優(yōu)勢,不利于促進電力供應鏈的碳減排,因此在國家政策的指引下形成合理的碳交易價格對于低碳發(fā)展十分必要。
[Abstract]:In order to accelerate the development of green and low carbon, the 2016 national policy proposes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 18% and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of added value of industry by 22% compared with 2015 by 2020. At the same time in 2017, the full start of the national carbon emissions trading market. The electric power industry has also become one of the first key industries which have been incorporated into the national carbon emission trading system. The electric power industry is a major source of carbon emissions in China. Therefore, to promote carbon emission reduction in China, the power industry is undoubtedly a very key industry. Especially the coal-fired power plant, as a large-scale carbon emission, the implementation of carbon emission reduction is urgent. From the point of view of power supply chain, this paper takes coal-fired power plants and downstream power supply enterprises as the main research object, and at the same time, brings the energy-saving service company into the carbon emission reduction system of power supply chain as the main body of providing professional carbon abatement services. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of each main body in the power supply chain, the dynamic model of carbon emission reduction in the power supply chain under the carbon trading mechanism is constructed. Based on the carbon trading mechanism, this paper mainly studies three carbon emission reduction modes in power supply chain: 1) the power generation companies implement carbon emission reduction by themselves (2) the electricity producers and the electricity sellers cooperate to reduce carbon emissions / 3) the power generation companies and the energy saving service companies cooperate in carbon emission reduction. By using the model, the key factors, such as carbon trading price, low carbon electricity price yield coefficient, income sharing coefficient, total investment cost and emission reduction amount, are studied by simulation and analysis of different carbon emission reduction methods, such as carbon trading price, low carbon electricity price, profit sharing coefficient, total investment cost and emission reduction. This paper analyzes the decision problems related to carbon abatement in power supply chain, and puts forward corresponding suggestions on carbon emission reduction according to the conclusion of the research. The results show that the carbon emission reduction model of power supply chain based on system dynamics method is feasible and feasible, and it can effectively reflect the relevant decision problems in the process of carbon reduction in power supply chain. Through comprehensive analysis, we can get the following conclusions: (1) the cooperative carbon emission reduction of e-commerce companies and the cooperative carbon emission reduction of energy-saving service companies, both of which are superior to the sole carbon emission reduction of power generation companies, Carbon emissions trading is an effective mechanism for promoting the reform of the power supply chain, the active implementation of carbon emission reduction by power enterprises, and the development and application of low-carbon technologies. Carbon trading price is an important factor that affects the management decision of all parties. At present, the price of carbon trading is unreasonable and low, which can not reflect the advantages of energy-saving service companies to implement carbon emission reduction, and is not conducive to promoting carbon emission reduction in power supply chain. Therefore, it is necessary for low-carbon development to form a reasonable carbon trading price under the guidance of national policies.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X322;F426.61

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