本文選題：石墨烯 + 磺胺嘧啶��； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米材料由于其獨(dú)特的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),被廣泛應(yīng)用于材料、電子、污染修復(fù)、化妝品、醫(yī)藥等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。隨著納米材料使用量的不斷增大,其在環(huán)境中不可避免的會(huì)與其他污染物產(chǎn)生復(fù)合作用�；前奉�(lèi)藥物是我國(guó)生產(chǎn)和使用量最大的抗生素之一,已有研究表明,其在環(huán)境中有一定的殘留并且對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)具有一定的毒性。為評(píng)估環(huán)境中納米材料和磺胺嘧啶(Sulfadiazine,SD)的對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),選取了還原石墨烯(reduced graphene oxide,rGO)和氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)兩種不同的納米材料,結(jié)合SD,探究其單一及復(fù)合對(duì)植物發(fā)芽和生長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)毒性效應(yīng)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:通過(guò)急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)和植物生長(zhǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),探究了rGO/GO-SD單一及復(fù)合污染對(duì)小麥發(fā)芽和生長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)毒性。研究結(jié)果表明:單一污染下,隨著SD濃度的增加,對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)抑制率增強(qiáng);rGO單一脅迫下,整體上表現(xiàn)為促進(jìn)植物的生長(zhǎng),但在rGO濃度為200mg/L時(shí),對(duì)植物根部生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生了輕微的抑制;GO單一污染下,作物芽伸長(zhǎng)抑制率隨GO濃度的增大而減小,根伸長(zhǎng)抑制率和生長(zhǎng)期根部和地上部生長(zhǎng)抑制率隨GO濃度的增加,抑制率增大。復(fù)合污染下,SD起主導(dǎo)作用,即同一rGO/GO濃度下,隨著SD濃度的增大,抑制作用增強(qiáng),rGO整體上降低了SD對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的毒害作用,GO的存在整體上增大了SD對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的毒害作用。GO對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的毒性大于rGO,可能原因是GO在植物根部的大量吸附,影響植物根的生長(zhǎng)。rGO-SD單一及復(fù)合污染條件下,在不同時(shí)期,植物體內(nèi)的MDA含量以及抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)變化規(guī)律亦不同。植物根/芽中MDA含量隨SD濃度的增大,含量增多,地上部MDA含量先升高后降低;生長(zhǎng)期根部MDA含量隨rGO濃度的增大而減少。復(fù)合污染條件下,根部MDA含量均在SD濃度為50 mg/L時(shí)達(dá)到最大。植物體內(nèi)抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)隨污染物濃度的變化,整體變化規(guī)律不明顯。GO-SD單一及復(fù)合污染條件下,GO單一脅迫下,生長(zhǎng)期根部MDA含量顯著低于地上部MDA的含量,根部MDA含量與對(duì)照差異不顯著;根和芽中POD酶活性隨GO濃度的增大,其活性先增強(qiáng)后降低。復(fù)合污染作用下,根系MDA含量隨SD濃度的增大而增加,而發(fā)芽期芽中MDA和生長(zhǎng)期地上部MDA呈現(xiàn)相反的規(guī)律。無(wú)論是SD單一還是SD-GO復(fù)合污染下,植物體內(nèi)SOD酶活性整體上處于激活狀態(tài),且隨SD濃度的增大,活性增強(qiáng);而POD酶活性在植物發(fā)芽期處于激活狀態(tài),隨SD濃度的增大而增強(qiáng),而生長(zhǎng)期植物地上部中POD酶活性整體上低于對(duì)照,處于抑制狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, are widely used in materials, electronics, pollution remediation, cosmetics, medicine and other fields. With the increasing use of nanomaterials, it is inevitable to compound with other pollutants in the environment. Sulfonamides are one of the most widely used antibiotics in China. Some studies have shown that sulfonamides have some residues in the environment and are toxic to the growth of plants. To assess the potential risks to the ecosystem of nanomaterials and sulfadiazine (SDD) in the environment, two different nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxidego and graphene oxidegox oxide, were selected. The ecological toxicity effects of SDs on plant germination and growth were studied. The main results are as follows: through acute toxicity test and plant growth experiment, the ecological toxicity of single and compound rGO/GO-SD pollution on wheat germination and growth was studied. The results showed that under single stress, the growth inhibition rate of plants increased with the increase of SD concentration. Under single stress, the growth of plants was promoted, but when the concentration of rGO was 200mg/L, the growth of plants was enhanced. The inhibition rate of shoot elongation decreased with the increase of go concentration, and the inhibition rate of root elongation and root and shoot growth increased with the increase of go concentration. Under the compound pollution, SD played a leading role, that is, under the same concentration of rGO/GO, with the increase of the concentration of SD, The inhibitory effect of rgo on the whole decreased the toxicity of SD to plant growth. On the whole, it increased the toxicity of SD to plant growth. The toxicity of go to plant growth was greater than that of rGO.This may be due to the large amount of adsorption of go on the root of plant. The changes of MDA content and antioxidant enzyme system in plant were different in different periods under the condition of single or complex pollution. The content of MDA in root / bud increased with the increase of SD concentration, but the content of MDA in shoot increased first and then decreased, and the content of MDA in root decreased with the increase of rGO concentration in the growing period. Under the condition of compound pollution, the content of MDA in roots reached the maximum when the concentration of SD was 50 mg/L. The total change of antioxidant enzyme system in plant was not obvious with the change of pollutant concentration. Under single stress of GO-SD and compound pollution, the MDA content of root was significantly lower than that of MDA in shoot. The content of MDA in root was not significantly different from that of control, and the activity of POD enzyme in root and bud increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of go concentration. Under the compound pollution, the content of MDA in root increased with the increase of SD concentration, but the MDA in the bud and the MDA in the shoot in the germinating stage showed the opposite rule. Under the condition of single SD or SD-GO compound pollution, the activity of SOD enzyme in plant was activated as a whole, and increased with the increase of SD concentration, while the activity of POD enzyme increased with the increase of SD concentration in the germination period. However, the activity of POD enzyme in the shoot was lower than that in the control, and it was in a state of inhibition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X503.231

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