本文選題：貢湖 + 飲用水源地��； 參考：《江南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來太湖流域環(huán)境污染問題越來越多的受到人們的關注,其中貢湖灣作為無錫和蘇州重要的飲用水水源地,其水質(zhì)安全問題更是關系著流域周邊的居民的健康生活。本研究通過2015年12月至2016年11月進行為期一年的采樣監(jiān)測,調(diào)查分析貢湖灣水源地11個重點區(qū)域水質(zhì)情況,篩選出湖灣的水質(zhì)等級、富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)、溶解態(tài)重金屬健康風險評價、微囊藻毒素風險評價、抗生素風險評價作為風險指標,通過改進改進層次分析法的模糊綜合評價模型(Analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,AHP-FCE),對各風險指標賦予權重,最終加權求和得到貢湖灣各水域水質(zhì)安全風險綜合評值,對貢湖灣水質(zhì)安全問題做出科學評價,以期為后續(xù)水域的管理決策提供科學的依據(jù)。(1)通過單因子-主成分分析法評價水質(zhì)等級,結果顯示貢湖灣主要污染物為總氮、總磷、chla(chlorophyll a)以及TOC(Total organic carbon);貢湖灣監(jiān)測期間水質(zhì)狀況達到Ⅲ類及以上僅為50%,在藍藻爆發(fā)的月份水質(zhì)依然處于劣V類水質(zhì)。綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù)(Comprehensive trophic level index,TLI)評價貢湖營養(yǎng)水平顯示,在監(jiān)測期間貢湖灣水域均處于中營養(yǎng)以上,且北部75%時段、南部全部時段處于富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),在藍藻爆發(fā)的5月份甚至達到了重度富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),這說明當前貢湖灣富營養(yǎng)化問題依然嚴重,不容忽視。(2)監(jiān)測期間豐水期表層水檢出的5種重金屬Zn檢出濃度為各點最高;枯水期貢湖灣僅在1號(南泉取水口)、7號(望虞河口)有極少量檢出。通過健康風險模型評估顯示,枯水期狀況良好,處于極低可忽略水平;豐水期檢出各元素中As風險值最高,存在一定風險,在5號點(小溪港)的總風險值最大,處于較低風險等級,整體北部總風險值明顯高于南部湖灣。表層沉積物參照土壤元素背景值計算重金屬污染超標區(qū)域比率:Mn為33.3%、Zn為66.7%、Cu為33.3%、As為22.2%、Pb為11.1%;通過潛在生態(tài)風險指數(shù)法RI(Potential ecological risk index)評估,單因子Eir均低于40,屬于比較輕微的;累積生態(tài)危害指數(shù)RI值均處于輕微生態(tài)危害。(3)通過風險指數(shù)(Hazard index,HI)對微囊藻毒素風險狀況評價,監(jiān)測期間MCs(Microcystin)風險最高為0.15左右,處于可能有風險的程度。整體上貢湖灣抗生素污染情況有一定好轉(zhuǎn),豐水期僅1號點檢出19.9 ng/L諾氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR),6號(錫東取水口)檢出2.3 ng/L氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin,OFL);枯水期在1號點總濃度最高,整體上北區(qū)的抗生素濃度水平高于南區(qū)。風險熵值(Risk Quotients,RQs)評價顯示豐水期風險熵值整體水域處于較低風險;枯水期中高風險有3種,抗生素累積RQs評估,磺胺甲惡唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)在各點占主要組成,90.9%區(qū)域處于中高風險;綜合來看,貢湖灣抗生素枯水期仍存在較高風險。(4)通過改進的層次分析法的模糊綜合評價模型(AHP-FCE)來對貢湖灣水域水質(zhì)安全風險開展綜合評價,確定五部分指標權重W=[0.053,0.413,0.158,0.345,0.031];安全風險綜合評價54.5%區(qū)域?qū)儆诹己闷械确秶?其余評分在40以上,屬中等較好;北部湖灣(40.02)處于中等中較好水平,南部湖灣(39.85)處于良好偏中等;貢湖灣整體上綜合評值為39.99,處于良好,近中等水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the environmental pollution problem in the Taihu River Basin. As an important drinking water source in Wuxi and Suzhou, the water quality safety problem of the Gong lake bay is related to the healthy life of the residents around the river basin. This study carried out a year of sampling and monitoring from December 2015 to November 2016. The water quality of 11 key areas in the water source area of the lake bay is analyzed. The water quality level, the eutrophic state, the health risk of dissolved heavy metals, the risk assessment of microcystin, the risk evaluation of the antibiotic as the risk index are selected, and the Analytic hierarchy process and fuzz model is improved by improving the evaluation model of the analytic hierarchy process (process and fuzz). Y comprehensive evaluation, AHP-FCE), giving weight to each risk index, and finally weighting and obtaining the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality safety risk in the waters of the Gong Lake Bay, making a scientific evaluation on the water quality safety problem in the tribute Lake Bay, in order to provide scientific basis for the management decision of the following waters. (1) evaluation of water quality by the single factor principal component analysis method. The results show that the main pollutants in the Gong Lake Bay are total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Chla (chlorophyll a) and TOC (Total organic carbon). The water quality of the Gong Lake Bay monitoring period is only 50%. The water quality in the month of cyanobacteria is still in the inferior V water quality. The comprehensive nutrition index (Comprehensive trophic level index) is used to evaluate the tribute lake. The nutrition level showed that during the monitoring period, the waters of Gong Hu bay were in the middle nutrition above, and the northern 75% period was in the eutrophic state in the southern part of the period. In May, it even reached the severe eutrophication state in the outbreak of cyanobacteria. This indicates that the current eutrophication problem in Gong Hu Bay is still serious and can not be ignored. (2) surface water inspection during the flood season during the monitoring period. The highest detection concentration of the 5 kinds of heavy metals Zn was the highest, while the Gong Lake Bay was only in No. 1 (the South Spring water intake), and the 7 (Wangyu estuary) was detected very small. The total risk value is the lowest, the total risk value of the whole north is obviously higher than that of the southern Lake Bay. The surface sediments refer to the background value of soil elements to calculate the ratio of heavy metal pollution over the standard area: Mn is 33.3%, Zn is 66.7%, Cu is 33.3%, As is 22.2%, Pb is 11.1%, RI (Potential ecological RI) through the potential ecological risk index method RI (Potential ecological RI). Sk index) assessment, the single factor Eir is less than 40, is relatively mild; the cumulative ecological hazard index RI values are in minor ecological hazards. (3) the risk index (Hazard index, HI) for the risk assessment of microcystins, the maximum risk of MCs (Microcystin) is about 0.15, at a possible risk. On the whole of the tribute Lake Bay The situation of antibiotic pollution was improved, 19.9 ng/L norfloxacin (Norfloxacin, NOR) was detected only at No. 1, and 2.3 ng/L ofloxacin (Ofloxacin, OFL) was detected (Ofloxacin, OFL) in No. 6 (Xi Dong water intake). The total concentration of the No. 1 point in the dry season was higher than that in the southern region. The risk entropy (Risk Quotients, RQs) evaluation showed that the abundance of the risk entropy (Risk Quotients, RQs) showed abundant. The risk entropy in the whole water period is at a low risk, and there are 3 high risks in the low water period, the cumulative RQs assessment of antibiotics, the main composition of the sulfa methoxazole (Sulfamethoxazole, SMZ) in each point, and the middle and high risk in the 90.9% region. In a comprehensive view, the high risk still exists in the period of antibiotic dry water in the Gong lake bay. (4) the fuzziness of the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted. The comprehensive evaluation model (AHP-FCE) is used to evaluate the safety risk of the water quality in the waters of the Gong Lake Bay, and determine the weight of the five part of the index W=[0.053,0.413,0.158,0.345,0.031]; the comprehensive evaluation of the safety risk is in a good medium range, the other score is above 40, and the northern Lake Bay (40.02) is in the middle and middle level. The whole lake (39.85) is in a good middle class; the overall evaluation of Gong Hu Bay is 39.99, at a good, near middle level.
【學位授予單位】：江南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X824

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