本文選題：生物氣溶膠 + 虛旋風采樣器�。� 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物氣溶膠指由生物來源產(chǎn)生并懸浮于空氣中的顆粒物,對生物氣溶膠的接觸和吸入會導致多種多樣的健康問題。生物氣溶膠在室內(nèi)及室外環(huán)境均有廣泛的分布,不同環(huán)境中的生物氣溶膠種類不同,對人造成的影響也不同。除此以外,生物氣溶膠可以作為云凝結(jié)核以及冰核等,對全球氣候變化造成影響。對于生物氣溶膠的監(jiān)測是了解其變化及分布規(guī)律的重要手段,有助于理解其對空氣質(zhì)量以及氣候變化的影響方式。監(jiān)測的基礎是高效的生物氣溶膠采樣器。目前常用的生物氣溶膠采樣器包括過濾式、撞擊式、液體沖擊式以及靜電式等,但這些采樣器都有一定的適用范圍。開展效率穩(wěn)定且對微生物傷害較小的生物氣溶膠采樣器的研究在目前仍然具有重要現(xiàn)實意義。因此,本研究構(gòu)建了生物氣溶膠采樣器實驗室測試系統(tǒng),利用該測試系統(tǒng)考察了設計參數(shù)對虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器物理效率的影響,并進行了再懸浮性能測試、生物效率測試、野外采樣測試等,最后與市售采樣器Biosampler進行了比較,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)改變生物氣溶膠發(fā)生器中菌液的濃度及發(fā)生壓強會產(chǎn)生具有不同粒徑分布的生物氣溶膠,多數(shù)大腸桿菌氣溶膠處于粒徑0.5-1.0μm的范圍之間,多數(shù)枯草芽孢桿菌營養(yǎng)細胞處于粒徑0.7-1.3μm的范圍之間,多數(shù)黑曲霉孢子處于粒徑2.6-3.2μm的范圍之間。(2)進口尺寸的減小、曲率半徑的增大有利于提高采樣器物理效率,但均不如流量的影響顯著;在虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器的空腔中加入一定體積的采樣液作為捕集介質(zhì)不會影響采樣器的物理效率,且長時間采樣后采樣液的揮發(fā)率仍然比較低;已經(jīng)捕集到液體中的顆粒物再次懸浮較為困難,可在一定程度上避免顆粒物再懸浮的現(xiàn)象。(3)對于壓力敏感性細菌大腸桿菌(ATCC 8739),虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器的生物效率略高于市售采樣器Biosampler。(4)實地測試中,虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器與Biosampler在多數(shù)情況下的結(jié)果均較為相近,沒有顯著差異,且虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器在多次平行測試之間的差異較小,采樣結(jié)果較為穩(wěn)定,然而在某些情況下虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器測得的細菌濃度顯著低于Biosampler。(5)在不同的采樣時間下,虛旋風生物氣溶膠采樣器和Biosampler所得的細菌和真菌濃度均值均較為接近,但都會隨著采樣時間的變化而變化。
[Abstract]:Biological aerosols are particles produced from biological sources and suspended in the air. Contact and inhalation of biological aerosols can lead to a variety of health problems. Biological aerosols are widely distributed in indoor and outdoor environments, and different kinds of biological aerosols in different environments have different effects on human beings. In addition, biological aerosols can act as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei to affect global climate change. The monitoring of biological aerosols is an important means to understand their variation and distribution, which is helpful to understand their influence on air quality and climate change. The monitoring is based on an efficient biological aerosol sampler. The biological aerosol sampler commonly used at present includes filter type, impingement type, liquid impingement type and electrostatic type, but these samplers all have certain application scope. The research of biological aerosol sampler with stable efficiency and less microbial damage is still of great practical significance. Therefore, the laboratory test system of biological aerosol sampler was constructed, and the influence of design parameters on the physical efficiency of virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler was investigated, and the resuspension performance was tested. The biological efficiency test, field sampling test and so on were compared with the commercial sampler Biosampler. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) changing the concentration and pressure of bacteria solution in the biological aerosol generator will produce biological aerosol with different particle size distribution. Most Escherichia coli aerosols were in the range of 0.5-1.0 渭 m, most of Bacillus subtilis nutrient cells were in the range of 0.7-1.3 渭 m, and most Aspergillus Niger spores were in the range of 2.6-3.2 渭 m. The increase of curvature radius is beneficial to improve the physical efficiency of the sampler, but it is not as significant as the flow rate, and the physical efficiency of the sampler will not be affected by adding a certain volume of sampling solution to the cavity of the virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler. After a long period of sampling, the volatilization rate of the sample solution is still relatively low, and it is more difficult to suspend the particles that have been captured in the liquid again. To some extent, the phenomenon of particles resuspending can be avoided.) in the field test, the biological efficiency of ATCC8739C and virtual cyclones biological aerosol sampler is slightly higher than that of Biosampler.fl sampler, which is a marketable sampler, for pressure-sensitive bacteria Escherichia coli. The results of virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler and Biosampler are similar in most cases, and there is no significant difference, and the difference of virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler in many parallel tests is small, and the sampling results are more stable. However, in some cases, the bacterial concentration measured by the virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler was significantly lower than that by Biosampler. 5) at different sampling times, the mean bacterial and fungal concentrations obtained from the virtual cyclone biological aerosol sampler and Biosampler were close to each other. But they all change with the sampling time.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513

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