發(fā)布時間：2018-05-25 21:48

  本文選題：干旱半干旱區(qū) + 山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱半干旱區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是我國北方地區(qū)重要的生物棲息地與生物多樣性中心,具有水源涵養(yǎng)、防風固沙、土壤保持、科學研究等多種生態(tài)服務功能。但是,由于山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)生的易損性和不穩(wěn)定性,在全球變化與人類活動的影響下,表現(xiàn)出明顯的生態(tài)脆弱性特征。因此,如何提高干旱半干旱區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性是保護干旱半干旱區(qū)生態(tài)資源環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵所在。這就需要研究相應的技術(shù)方法體系為區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的有效管理提供指導意見。本研究旨在構(gòu)建基于VSD模型的干旱半干旱區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性評估框架體系并以寧夏賀蘭山為例進行實證分析。研究內(nèi)容主要包括:區(qū)域主要暴露源的辨別,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受到干擾后的敏感性和自適應力,暴露、敏感性、適應性之間的相互關(guān)系,以及區(qū)域生態(tài)脆弱性時空分布。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)時間角度來看,1988年至2013年,寧夏賀蘭山生態(tài)脆弱性等級由重度脆弱轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹卸却嗳?生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性分級指數(shù)從7.4下降到5.3,研究區(qū)各等級生態(tài)脆弱性相互轉(zhuǎn)化的總面積為1770km2,綜合動態(tài)度為77%,并且整體呈現(xiàn)出由高脆弱性向低脆弱性方向轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢。其中,重度脆弱區(qū)變化量最大,占研究區(qū)總面積的38.3%,主要轉(zhuǎn)化為中度脆弱區(qū),減少面積占總面積的42.4%。區(qū)域內(nèi)基本無分級區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)化為極度脆弱區(qū)。(2)從空間格局上來看,寧夏賀蘭山生態(tài)脆弱性整體呈現(xiàn)中部高四周低的分布格局。1988年生態(tài)脆弱性等級與坡度等級間呈現(xiàn)出兩端低中間高的發(fā)生規(guī)律,重度和極度脆弱區(qū)集中發(fā)生在坡度25°～40°范圍內(nèi)。2013年與1988年類似。說明隨著時間變化,生態(tài)脆弱性等級的空間分布在坡度上無明顯變化。與高程疊置結(jié)果也顯示出相似的發(fā)生規(guī)律,即海拔低和海拔高的地方脆弱性等級面積少,最大值基本于1500～2000m范圍內(nèi)出現(xiàn)。(3)干旱半干旱區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱性評價方法體系具有一定指導意義。研究區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況不斷改善,生態(tài)脆弱度明顯降低,這與寧夏賀蘭山國家級自然保護區(qū)建立后賀蘭山生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況的變化相吻合,說明本研究構(gòu)建的框架模型具有實際指導意義,對于干旱半干旱區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的暴露-敏感-適應關(guān)系做出了定量描述,從而為干旱半干旱區(qū)山地系統(tǒng)管理提供了有效技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:The mountainous ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas is an important biological habitat and biodiversity center in northern China. It has many ecological service functions, such as water conservation, wind and sand control, soil conservation, scientific research and so on. However, due to the vulnerability and instability of mountain ecosystems, the global changes and human activities have shown obvious characteristics of ecological vulnerability. Therefore, how to improve the stability of mountainous ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas is the key to protect the ecological resources and environment in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corresponding technical method system to provide guidance for the effective management of regional ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to construct a framework system for assessing the vulnerability of mountainous ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas based on VSD model and take Helan Mountain in Ningxia as an example to make an empirical analysis. The main contents of the study include: the identification of the main sources of exposure, the sensitivity and adaptability of ecosystem after disturbance, the relationship between exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, and the temporal and spatial distribution of regional ecological vulnerability. The results are as follows: (1) from 1988 to 2013, the grade of ecological vulnerability of Helan Mountain in Ningxia changed from severe vulnerability to moderate vulnerability. The index of ecological environment vulnerability decreased from 7.4 to 5.3. The total area of ecological vulnerability transformation was 1770km2, and the comprehensive dynamic degree was 777.The whole showed the trend from high vulnerability to low vulnerability. Among them, the severe vulnerable area has the largest change, accounting for 38.3% of the total area of the study area, which is mainly transformed into the moderate vulnerable area, and the reduced area accounts for 42.4% of the total area. In terms of spatial pattern, the basic non-grading area in the region is transformed into extremely vulnerable area. The ecological fragility of Helan Mountain in Ningxia presented a distribution pattern of high, high and low in the middle of the region. In 1988, the ecological vulnerability grade and slope grade showed the occurrence law of low middle height at both ends. Severe and extremely vulnerable areas are concentrated in the gradient range of 25 擄to 40 擄. 2013 is similar to 1988. It shows that the spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability level has no obvious change in slope with time change. The results of superposition with elevation also show a similar pattern, that is, the area of vulnerability grade is low in low altitude and high in altitude. The maximum value appeared in the range of 1500 ~ 2000m. (3) the evaluation method system of mountain ecosystem vulnerability in arid and semi-arid areas has certain guiding significance. The status of ecological environment in the study area has been continuously improved, and the degree of ecological fragility has been obviously reduced, which coincides with the changes of ecological environment of Helan Mountain after the establishment of the National Nature Reserve of Helan Mountain in Ningxia. The results show that the frame model constructed in this study is of practical significance, and the relationship between exposure, sensitivity and adaptation of mountainous ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas is described quantitatively. It provides an effective technical support for the management of mountainous system in arid and semi-arid areas.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826

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