本文選題：工業(yè)水污染 + 空間格局�。� 參考：《中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年05期

【摘要】：我國(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)污染物排放的空間格局正在發(fā)生變化�，F(xiàn)有的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能提供區(qū)分區(qū)域和行業(yè)層面的工業(yè)企業(yè)污染物排放數(shù)據(jù),無(wú)法刻畫地市尺度上各個(gè)工業(yè)部門污染排放的空間格局及其演變。工業(yè)企業(yè)污染物排放的空間認(rèn)知是制定環(huán)境污染控制和區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。本文聚焦于工業(yè)水污染,構(gòu)建了新的工業(yè)企業(yè)水污染排放的空間估算方法,估算分行業(yè)分區(qū)域的工業(yè)水污染排放量,來(lái)分析地市尺度上中國(guó)工業(yè)水污染排放的空間格局及其演變。本文構(gòu)建的空間估算方法首先將全國(guó)分行業(yè)污染排放量依據(jù)產(chǎn)值分解到省級(jí)和地市層面,再依據(jù)企業(yè)規(guī)模校正系數(shù)、生產(chǎn)工藝校正系數(shù)和環(huán)境管制能力校正系數(shù)對(duì)未考慮區(qū)域差異的排放強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校正,最后采用適時(shí)修正法對(duì)污染物排放量的估算結(jié)果進(jìn)行部門和區(qū)域的平衡調(diào)整。以基于空間估算方法估算的工業(yè)COD為例,剔除個(gè)別異常值后,2010年省級(jí)尺度重點(diǎn)行業(yè)工業(yè)COD排放量估算結(jié)果的平均誤差為12.7%,數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良,顯示本估算方法較強(qiáng)的適用性。根據(jù)本文的結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)2005年至2010年間我國(guó)工業(yè)COD的減排主要由造紙及紙制品業(yè)的技術(shù)效應(yīng)貢獻(xiàn),其中又以西部地區(qū)造紙及紙制品業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)突出,其次是東部地區(qū),中部地區(qū)略有貢獻(xiàn),東北部地區(qū)貢獻(xiàn)為負(fù)值。其他對(duì)工業(yè)COD減排作出較大貢獻(xiàn)的行業(yè)包括食品加工業(yè)和化學(xué)原料及化學(xué)品制造業(yè),但不同產(chǎn)業(yè)的區(qū)域差異顯著�；诳沙掷m(xù)性發(fā)展的視角,技術(shù)效應(yīng)與規(guī)模效應(yīng)同樣顯著的產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)作為區(qū)域的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)予以重點(diǎn)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The spatial pattern of pollutant emission from industrial enterprises in China is changing. The existing statistical data can not provide the pollutant emission data of industrial enterprises at the regional and industry levels, nor can they describe the spatial pattern and evolution of pollution emissions in various industrial sectors on the scale of prefectures and cities. The spatial cognition of pollutant emission from industrial enterprises is the scientific basis for formulating environmental pollution control and regional industrial development planning. This paper focuses on industrial water pollution, constructs a new spatial estimation method of water pollution discharge from industrial enterprises, and estimates the discharge of industrial water pollution in different industries and regions. To analyze the spatial pattern and evolution of industrial water pollution discharge in China. The spatial estimation method constructed in this paper firstly decomposes the national pollution emissions according to the output value to the provincial level and the prefectural level, then corrects the coefficient according to the scale of the enterprise. The correction coefficient of production process and the correction coefficient of environmental control ability are used to correct the emission intensity which does not take into account the regional differences. Finally, a timely correction method is adopted to adjust the sectoral and regional balance of the estimated results of pollutant emissions. Taking the industrial COD estimation based on the spatial estimation method as an example, after excluding individual abnormal values, the average error of the estimation results of the industrial COD emissions in the provincial scale key industries in 2010 is 12.7, and the quality of the data is good, which shows that this estimation method is more applicable. According to the results of this paper, it is found that from 2005 to 2010, China's industrial COD emission reduction is mainly contributed by the technical effects of papermaking and paper products industry, especially in the western region, followed by the eastern region. The central region contributed slightly, the northeast region contributed to the negative value. Other industries that contribute significantly to COD emissions reduction include food processing and chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing, but there are significant regional differences among different industries. Based on the perspective of sustainable development, industries with equally significant technological effects and scale effects should be developed as regional leading industries.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院;中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)人文經(jīng)管學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“資源環(huán)境約束下中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展前景與綠色發(fā)展模式”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):71173212),“環(huán)境規(guī)制政策對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間分布的影響研究:基于環(huán)境便利性的視角”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):71503241),“產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局的資源環(huán)境效應(yīng)”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):41471112) 國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)綠色發(fā)展的理論內(nèi)涵、實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑與政策創(chuàng)新”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):15ZDC006)
【分類號(hào)】：X322

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