發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-22 10:47

  本文選題：SBR + CSTR�。� 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究是以CSTR和SBR反應(yīng)器的活性污泥硝化系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)改變進(jìn)水氨氮負(fù)荷和SRT,對(duì)比不同運(yùn)行條件下的硝化效果、污泥絮體形態(tài)、污泥微生物特性和硝化細(xì)菌的動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)來(lái)研究不同運(yùn)行條件對(duì)硝化系統(tǒng)的影響。同時(shí)考察了硝化細(xì)菌的選擇機(jī)制和硝化細(xì)菌動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的影響因素。通過(guò)對(duì)CSTR和SBR反應(yīng)器的研究,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)CSTR反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)在進(jìn)水氨氮濃度為70mgN/L時(shí),通過(guò)改變其SRT可以實(shí)現(xiàn)短程硝化,但是不能長(zhǎng)期維持,并且在繼續(xù)降低SRT時(shí),也不能重新恢復(fù)短程硝化。因此在污水處理中,僅靠調(diào)整SRT來(lái)維持短程硝化是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的,必須還要結(jié)合其他因素共同控制條件,才可能實(shí)現(xiàn)短程硝化的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。(2)在SBR反應(yīng)器中,通過(guò)提高進(jìn)水氨氮濃度可以快速實(shí)現(xiàn)短程硝化,降低負(fù)荷后最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致NOB抑制解除,短程硝化被破壞,硝化類型向全程硝化轉(zhuǎn)變。通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)器的SRT可以實(shí)現(xiàn)短程硝化,從穩(wěn)定持續(xù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)短程硝化的角度看,SRT=10d是最佳工況,這個(gè)階段可以利用AOB和NOB的增長(zhǎng)速率的差異淘洗NOB,并且不會(huì)導(dǎo)致污泥和AOB的大量流失。(3)在污泥培養(yǎng)的過(guò)程中,污泥絮體的尺寸大小會(huì)發(fā)生改變。污泥絮體的大小、形狀可以反映污泥對(duì)污染物吸收與降解性能。長(zhǎng)期的高負(fù)荷條件,細(xì)菌消耗大量底物進(jìn)行生長(zhǎng)繁殖,微生物的增殖和聚集導(dǎo)致了污泥絮體尺寸變大,絮體在聚集和解體過(guò)程中受到了擠壓使絮體變得緊實(shí)。不同SRT運(yùn)行條件下的SBR反應(yīng)器的污泥絮體尺寸有很大差別,SRT越小,由于污泥排出較多使微生物不能大量聚集,因此污泥絮體的尺寸越小。(4)在短程硝化下主要的AOB和NOB是Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira,這兩種細(xì)菌被普遍認(rèn)為是可以在底物濃度較高的條件下快速降解底物的r-策略細(xì)菌。在全程硝化中檢測(cè)到的 AOB 是 Nitrosomonas,NOB 主要是 Candidatus Nitrotoga。對(duì) AOB,Nitrosomonas 的百分含量隨著SRT的降低而減少,Nitrosomonadaceae的百分含量隨著SRT的降低而增加,對(duì)于NOB,Nitrospira的百分含量隨SRT的降低而減少,Candidatus Nitrotoga的百分含量隨著SRT的降低而增加。系統(tǒng)中優(yōu)勢(shì)菌類型的轉(zhuǎn)變與負(fù)荷和SRT有關(guān),負(fù)荷的大小和SRT的高低是影響細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)繁殖的重要因素。在只有氨氮作為營(yíng)養(yǎng)源的條件下的微生物群落特性會(huì)一直發(fā)生變化,時(shí)間間隔越小污泥群落差異性越小,不同負(fù)荷下污泥的微生物群落差異性比相同負(fù)荷的污泥差異性更加顯著。不同的SRT會(huì)對(duì)污泥中微生物群落的差異性造成影響,SRT越接近,差異性越小。在整個(gè)污泥馴化過(guò)程中,微生物的豐富度和均勻度都在不斷降低。(5)動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的變化可以說(shuō)明動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)是受多種因素共同影響的,其中底物的轉(zhuǎn)化效率、氮的形式和污泥的絮體形態(tài)均是造成動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)改變的重要條件。r-AOB含量越高的樣本AOB最大比增長(zhǎng)速率μAOB.max越高;SRT對(duì)微生物動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的變化起間接作用,Nitrosomonadaceae 的μAOB,max 比 Nitrosomonas 大。AOB 的氨氮半速度常數(shù) KNH4 隨著最大比增長(zhǎng)速率μAOB.max增大而增大。溶解氧半速度常數(shù)KO,AOB隨污泥絮體尺寸的增大而增大。NOB的最大比增長(zhǎng)速率μN(yùn)OB.max與細(xì)菌的種類有關(guān),Nitrospira比CandidatusNitrotoga的值大。NOB的溶解氧半速度常數(shù)KO,NOB可能隨絮體尺寸變大而變大,也可能是隨優(yōu)勢(shì)NOB的改變而改變。NOB的KN02可能隨污泥絮體尺寸的增大而增大。(6)在動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的測(cè)定中,測(cè)得值可能與理論值有矛盾,這可以用污泥絮體尺寸的大小來(lái)解釋。絮體內(nèi)部生長(zhǎng)的硝化細(xì)菌在利用底物時(shí),需要克服擴(kuò)散阻力,絮體尺寸越大需要克服的阻力越大。所以對(duì)于不同尺寸的污泥絮體進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析時(shí),不僅要需要考慮擴(kuò)散阻力的影響。傳統(tǒng)的r-策略和K-策略經(jīng)典理論應(yīng)該把污泥絮體尺寸的大小劃入需要研究的范圍內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:In this study, the nitrification system of activated sludge in CSTR and SBR reactors was studied. By changing the ammonia nitrogen load and SRT, the nitrification effect under different operating conditions, the morphology of the sludge floc, the microbial characteristics of the sludge and the kinetic parameters of the nitrifying bacteria were studied. The selection mechanism of nitrifying bacteria and the influencing factors of nitrifying bacteria kinetic parameters. Through the study of CSTR and SBR reactor, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) CSTR reaction system can achieve short nitrification by changing its SRT when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 70mgN/L, but it can not be maintained for a long period, and can not be reproduced when SRT is continued. Therefore, it is unrealistic to maintain short range nitrification by adjusting SRT only in sewage treatment. It is necessary to combine other factors together with other factors to realize the long-term stable operation of short range nitrification. (2) in the SBR reactor, short range nitrification can be realized quickly by increasing the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent, and the load will eventually be reduced. NOB suppression, short range nitrification and nitrification change to whole nitrification. By adjusting the SRT of the reactor, short nitrification can be realized. From the point of view of stable and persistent nitrification, SRT=10d is the best working condition. This stage can use the difference in the growth rate of AOB and NOB to wash NOB, and does not lead to sludge and AOB (3) in the process of sludge culture, the size and size of sludge floc will change. The size and shape of the sludge floc can reflect the absorption and degradation performance of the sludge to pollutants. Long term high load conditions, the bacteria consume a large number of substrates to grow and reproduce, and the proliferation and aggregation of microorganism lead to the larger size of the sludge floc. The floc becomes tight in the process of aggregation and disintegration. The floc size of the sludge in the SBR reactor under different SRT operating conditions is very different. The smaller the SRT is, the smaller the sludge is discharged from the sludge, the smaller the size of the sludge floc. (4) the main AOB and NOB under short range nitrification are Nitrosomonas. And Nitrospira, these two kinds of bacteria are generally considered to be the r- strategy bacteria that can quickly degrade substrates at high substrate concentration. The AOB of the whole nitrification is Nitrosomonas, NOB is Candidatus Nitrotoga. to AOB, and the percentage of Nitrosomonas decreases with the decrease of SRT, and Nitrosomonadaceae percent With the decrease of SRT, the content of NOB, Nitrospira decreased with the decrease of SRT, and the percentage of Candidatus Nitrotoga increased with the decrease of SRT. The transformation of the dominant bacteria type in the system was related to the load and SRT. The size of the load and the level of SRT were the important factors affecting the growth and reproduction of bacteria. The microbial community characteristics will change under the condition of nitrogen as the source of nutrition. The smaller the time interval is, the smaller the diversity of the sludge community, the diversity of the microbial community under different loads is more significant than that of the same load. Different SRT will affect the diversity of the microorganism community in the sludge, the closer the SRT, the worse, the difference between the sludge community and the difference of the sludge community. The smaller the opposite sex is, the richness and uniformity of microorganism are decreasing during the whole sludge acclimation process. (5) the dynamic parameters can be influenced by various factors. The conversion efficiency of the substrate, the form of nitrogen and the floc form of the sludge are all important conditions for the change of kinetic parameters,.R- The higher the AOB content, the higher the maximum ratio of AOB to the growth rate, the higher the growth rate of AOB.max; the SRT has an indirect effect on the change of the microbial kinetic parameters, the Nitrosomonadaceae's mu AOB, the ammonia nitrogen half velocity constant KNH4 of Max is larger than Nitrosomonas, and the half velocity constant of the dissolved oxygen increases with the maximum specific growth rate mu AOB.max. The maximum specific growth rate of.NOB, which increases the maximum specific growth rate of.NOB, is related to the species of bacteria. The value of the dissolved oxygen half velocity constant of.NOB is KO, and NOB may become larger with the size of the floc, and the KN02 may also be the increase in the size of the floc with the change of the dominant NOB. (6) in the determination of the kinetic parameters, the measured value may contradict the theoretical value, which can be explained by the size of the sludge floc. The nitrifying bacteria within the floc need to overcome the diffusion resistance when using the substrate, and the larger the size of the floc, the greater the resistance to overcome. So the power of the sludge flocs of different sizes is driven. It is necessary to consider not only the influence of the diffusion resistance, but the traditional r- strategy and the classical K- strategy theory should draw the size of the sludge floc into the scope of the need to be studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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