本文選題：納米材料-鎘復(fù)合體 + 急性毒性��； 參考：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：納米材料由于其具有微孔結(jié)構(gòu)易與重金屬結(jié)合的性質(zhì),因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于水體和土壤重金屬污染修復(fù)。但吸附重金屬的納米材料是否安全還有待考證。因此,本論文以重金屬Cd~(2+)為典型污染物,以納米二氧化錳和納米羥基磷灰石為吸附劑,從個體水平,組織水平和分子水平系統(tǒng)研究Cd~(2+)與納米材料-鎘復(fù)合體(Nano-Cd)對大型蚤和斑馬魚的毒性效應(yīng)和致毒機制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:急性毒性實驗表明,Cd~(2+)和Nano-Cd復(fù)合體對大型蚤的毒性大小順序為Cd~(2+)nMnO_2-CdnHAp20-CdnHAp40-Cd。根據(jù) Commission of the European Communities(ECC)對大型蚤的毒性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Cd~(2+)對大型蚤的毒性等級為極高毒;nMnO_2-Cd、nHAp20-Cd和nHAP40-Cd對大型蚤的毒性等級為有毒。參照 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)對大型蚤的毒性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Cd~(2+)對大型蚤的毒性等級為急性毒性Ⅰ;nMnO_2-Cd、nHAp20-Cd和nHAp40-Cd對大型蚤的毒性等級為急性毒性Ⅱ。亞急性毒性實驗表明,大型蚤體內(nèi)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)、過氧化物酶(POD)和抗超氧陰離子自由基(ASA)酶活性隨著Cd~(2+)和Nano-Cd復(fù)合體濃度的增加,呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢。在中、低暴露濃度下,大型蚤體內(nèi)的SOD、CAT、POD酶活性均著隨濃度的升高而增大。而在高濃度時,體內(nèi)的SOD、CAT、POD和ASA的酶活性均有所降低。MDA含量隨著暴露濃度的增加而增加,說明機體內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng)遭到破壞。急性毒性實驗表明,Cd~(2+)和Nano-Cd復(fù)合體對斑馬魚的毒性大小順序為Cd~(2+)nMnO_2-CdnHAp20-CdnHAp40-Cd,48h-LC50 分別為 0.57mg/L、1.26mg/L、1.33mg/L和1.44mg/L。根據(jù)ECC對斑馬魚的毒性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Cd~(2+)、nMnO_2-Cd、nHAp20-Cd和nHAp40-Cd對斑馬魚的毒性等級為有毒。而OECD評定Cd~(2+)、nMnO_2-Cd、nHAp20-Cd和nHAp40-Cd對斑馬魚的毒性等級為急性毒性Ⅱ。亞急性毒性實驗表明,斑馬魚肝臟中的SOD、ASA、CAT和POD酶活性隨著暴露濃度的增加,與對照相比,整體呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,而MDA含量隨著暴露濃度的增加而增加。根據(jù)彗星實驗可知,Cd~(2+)和Nano-Cd均能對斑馬魚肝臟DNA造成損傷,且隨著暴露濃度的增加,損傷程度越嚴(yán)重。在同一暴露濃度下,與Nano-Cd相比,Cd~(2+)造成的DNA損傷更嚴(yán)重;而對于Nano-Cd復(fù)合體而言,nMnO_2-Cd比nHAp-Cd造成DNA損傷程度更嚴(yán)重。因此,對水生生物而言,納米材料作為吸附劑是不安全的,吸附重金屬后應(yīng)將其從水體中去除。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials are widely used in the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water and soil because of their micropore structure and the properties of heavy metals. However, the safety of heavy metal adsorbed nanomaterials remains to be verified. Therefore, in this thesis, the heavy metal Cd~(2 was used as the typical pollutant, and the nanometer manganese dioxide and hydroxyapatite were used as adsorbents. The toxic effects and mechanism of Cd~(2 and Nano-CD on flea Magna and zebrafish were systematically studied at the tissue and molecular levels. The main results were as follows: the acute toxicity test showed that the toxicity of the Nano-Cd complex to fleas was in the order of Cd~(2 nMnO _ 2-CdnHAp20-CdnHAp40-Cd. According to the toxicity classification standard of Commission of the European Communitiesus Commission of the European to Daphnia Magnus, the toxicity grade of Commission of the European to Daphnia Magna is very high. The toxicity grade of nHAP40-Cd to Daphnia Magna is very high, and the toxicity grade of nHAP40-Cd is toxic to Daphnia Magnus. According to the toxicity classification standard of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development Organisation for Economic Co-operation and to Daphnia Magnus, the acute toxicity grade 鈪，

本文編號：1918964