本文選題：碳排放權(quán) + 碳排區(qū)劃�。� 參考：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球應(yīng)對(duì)氣候問(wèn)題、減小溫室效應(yīng)的背景下,如何控制二氧化碳的排放已成為世界各國(guó)探討的熱點(diǎn)。我國(guó)政府于2009年正式承諾"2020年碳排放強(qiáng)度比2005年下降40%～45%"的減排目標(biāo)。但是,我國(guó)地域遼闊、區(qū)域發(fā)展不均衡,尤其在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況、企業(yè)類型等方面各區(qū)域存在顯著差異,平均下放減排責(zé)任的方式在實(shí)際操作和社會(huì)公平上都有所欠缺。因此,為有效控制碳排放總量,考慮區(qū)域、產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)的差異,有兩大急需深入研究的問(wèn)題:(1)如何設(shè)計(jì)有效的碳排權(quán)分配方案;(2)如何從公平、效率和可持續(xù)角度研究碳排放權(quán)的優(yōu)化分配。針對(duì)這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,本文在以往研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,研究全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)的逐級(jí)分配及優(yōu)化。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的總結(jié)和各地碳排放現(xiàn)狀的分析,考慮區(qū)域(Region)、產(chǎn)業(yè)(Industry)和企業(yè)(Enterprise)的差異,提出RIE三層分配理念�；谠摾砟�,提出一種新的全國(guó)碳排放水平區(qū)域規(guī)劃方案,該區(qū)劃方案打破傳統(tǒng)行政邊界,將具有相似碳排放特征的地區(qū)歸入同一區(qū)域。(2)運(yùn)用logistic曲線和協(xié)調(diào)度模型構(gòu)建區(qū)域?qū)用娴奶寂欧艡?quán)分配模型,引入環(huán)境極限因素,使得分配結(jié)果能夠兼顧區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)保護(hù)。運(yùn)用熵權(quán)法構(gòu)建行業(yè)層面的碳排放權(quán)的分配模型,將行業(yè)異質(zhì)性量化表出,從而計(jì)算行業(yè)減排量。類比玻爾茲曼分布構(gòu)建企業(yè)層面的碳排放權(quán)分配模型,將企業(yè)間的碳排放權(quán)市場(chǎng)抽象成理想氣體模型,碳排放權(quán)的下放將受企業(yè)歷史排放責(zé)任和排放強(qiáng)度共同作用。(3)以1998-2012年的《中國(guó)能源統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、《中國(guó)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》及G地區(qū)碳減排工作年報(bào)為數(shù)據(jù)做實(shí)證分析,實(shí)證結(jié)果表明基于RIE三層模型的碳排放權(quán)分配方案能夠在區(qū)域?qū)用娴姆峙渲斜苊鈧鹘y(tǒng)分配中的片面性;能夠在行業(yè)層面的分配中,得到優(yōu)于祖父法、等比例法的分配結(jié)果;能夠在企業(yè)層面的分配中,達(dá)到適度懲罰高碳排企業(yè)、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)低碳排企業(yè)的效果。(4)以實(shí)證分析為基礎(chǔ),從分配方案、發(fā)展理念兩方面為區(qū)域、行業(yè)、企業(yè)提出減排建議。
[Abstract]:In the context of global climate problem and Greenhouse Effect reduction, how to control carbon dioxide emissions has become a hot topic all over the world. In 2009, our government officially pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 40% and 45% compared with 2005. However, China has a vast territory and uneven regional development, especially in terms of the level of economic development, the state of the ecological environment, the type of enterprises, and so on. The average way to devolve responsibility for reducing emissions is lacking in practice and social equity. Therefore, in order to effectively control the total amount of carbon emissions and consider regional, industrial and enterprise differences, there are two major issues that need to be studied in depth: 1) how to design an effective carbon emission rights allocation scheme? The optimal allocation of carbon emission rights is studied from the perspective of efficiency and sustainability. Aiming at these two problems, this paper studies the distribution and optimization of national carbon emission rights on the basis of previous research results. The main research contents of this paper include: (1) by summarizing the existing research and analyzing the present situation of carbon emission in different regions, considering the differences between region, industry and enterprise, the paper puts forward the idea of RIE three-layer distribution. Based on this idea, a new regional plan of national carbon emission level is proposed, which breaks the traditional administrative boundary. The region with similar carbon emission characteristics is classified into the same area. (2) using logistic curve and coordination degree model, the carbon emission rights allocation model at the regional level is constructed, and the environmental limit factor is introduced. So that the distribution results can take into account the regional economic development and ecological protection. The entropy method is used to construct the allocation model of carbon emission rights at the industry level, and the heterogeneity of the industry is quantified to calculate the emission reduction in the industry. By analogy with Boltzmann distribution, the carbon emission rights distribution model at the enterprise level is constructed, and the carbon emission rights market between enterprises is abstracted into an ideal gas model. The decentralization of carbon emission rights will be affected by the joint action of enterprise's historical emission responsibility and emission intensity.) empirical analysis will be made on the data of China Energy Statistics Yearbook from 1998 to 2012, the China demographic Yearbook and the annual report on carbon abatement in G region. The empirical results show that the scheme of carbon emission right allocation based on RIE three-layer model can avoid the one-sidedness of traditional allocation at the regional level, and can get better results than grandfather method and equal proportion method in the distribution of industry. On the basis of empirical analysis, the paper puts forward some suggestions on emission reduction from two aspects of distribution scheme, development concept, region, industry, and enterprise, which can appropriately punish high carbon emission enterprises and reward low carbon emission enterprises in the distribution of enterprises at the enterprise level, and the effect of rewarding low carbon emission enterprises is based on the empirical analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X321

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