本文選題：洮河干流 + 累積影響��； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：洮河是黃河第一支流,洮河流域水資源的開發(fā)、利用對(duì)支撐國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展都起著重要作用。洮河流域梯級(jí)開發(fā)帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí),也給環(huán)境帶來忽視的影響,流域梯級(jí)水電群除了具備單項(xiàng)水利工程引發(fā)環(huán)境問題的特點(diǎn)外,還具有累積性和潛在性。為保障河流健康,堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先原則,以科學(xué)的途徑對(duì)流域資源進(jìn)行有序開發(fā),為人類創(chuàng)造更多價(jià)值,開展累積環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)工作顯得迫切和必要。本文在廣泛閱讀、總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者在流域累積環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)之后,對(duì)洮河干流(臨潭~卓尼)進(jìn)行環(huán)境影響分析及預(yù)測(cè)。以洮河干流(臨潭~卓尼)為例,應(yīng)用GIS技術(shù),幕景分析法、類比法、專家判斷法對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域水環(huán)境、生態(tài)環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境的變化進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀分析與預(yù)測(cè),選取2015年為第二時(shí)間暮景,預(yù)測(cè)2025年評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域環(huán)境狀況的演變趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果表明:(1)流域梯級(jí)開發(fā)引起了河流水文情勢(shì)的變化,改變了水環(huán)境特性。首先流域梯級(jí)建設(shè)引發(fā)年徑流量變化,2015年徑流量實(shí)測(cè)值增加12.53億m~3,年內(nèi)徑流量分配不均,豐水期與枯水期徑流量相差較大;其次梯級(jí)電站建設(shè)使得評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域水質(zhì)發(fā)生惡化,2015年地表水環(huán)境符合V標(biāo)準(zhǔn),水質(zhì)出現(xiàn)下降,當(dāng)污染物超過水環(huán)境承載能力極限時(shí),還有可能誘發(fā)閾值效應(yīng);最后評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域水溫出現(xiàn)分層現(xiàn)象,電站庫容小,預(yù)測(cè)水溫分層現(xiàn)象不會(huì)干擾下游河道生物的正常繁衍、生長(zhǎng)。(2)評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域梯級(jí)電站的連續(xù)修建打破景觀整體性,通過GIS技術(shù)以及幕景分析法,分析得2015年工程項(xiàng)目造成的生境破壞對(duì)整個(gè)區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的影響值大于0.8,表示工程項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的生境破壞對(duì)整個(gè)區(qū)域造成的累積影響很小,預(yù)測(cè)2025年規(guī)劃電站建設(shè)引起生境破壞對(duì)整個(gè)區(qū)域造成的累積影響只是在現(xiàn)有程度和范圍上有所增加;但是電站的修建,造成嚴(yán)重的水土流失問題。2015年水土流失總量52284.21t,其中棄土棄渣新增水土流失總量49785t,預(yù)測(cè)2025年規(guī)劃電站棄土棄渣引起的水土流失將成為水土流失的主要原因。(3)針對(duì)流域現(xiàn)有環(huán)境問題及今后一定時(shí)間內(nèi)的演變趨勢(shì),提出累積影響保護(hù)和修復(fù)對(duì)策,并建立一套適合洮河干流(臨潭~卓尼)健康發(fā)展的管理體系。本文選取西北地區(qū)較為具有代表性的洮河干流(臨潭~卓尼)作為研究對(duì)象,豐富了累積環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)涵,對(duì)今后洮河流域規(guī)劃起到一定指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:Tao River is the first tributary of the Yellow River. The utilization of water resources plays an important role in supporting the national economy and social development. At the same time, the cascade hydropower group has the characteristics of environmental problems caused by single water conservancy project, but also has cumulation and potential. In order to ensure the health of rivers, adhere to the principle of ecological priority, develop river resources in an orderly way through scientific approaches, create more value for human beings, it is urgent and necessary to carry out cumulative environmental impact assessment. After extensive reading and summing up experts and scholars at home and abroad, environmental impact analysis and prediction are carried out on the main stream of Tao River (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) after accumulative environmental impact assessment. Taking the main stream of Tao River (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) as an example, using GIS technology, scene analysis method, analogy method and expert judgment method, the present situation analysis and prediction of the changes of regional water environment, ecological environment and social environment are analyzed and forecasted. Selecting 2015 as the second twilight, the evolution trend of the regional environmental condition in 2025 was predicted. The results show that the cascade development of the river basin changes the hydrological situation of the river and changes the characteristics of the water environment. First, the river basin cascade construction caused the annual runoff change, the measured value of the runoff increased by 1.253 billion mm3 in 2015, the distribution of the runoff was uneven in the year, and the runoff difference between the high water period and the dry season was quite large. Secondly, the construction of cascade power stations makes the water quality of the evaluation area deteriorate. In 2015, the surface water environment conforms to the V standard, and the water quality decreases. When the pollutants exceed the limit of the carrying capacity of the water environment, the threshold effect may also be induced. Finally, the regional water temperature is stratified, the storage capacity of the power station is small, and the prediction of water temperature stratification will not interfere with the normal propagation of downstream river organisms. By means of GIS technology and scene view analysis, it is found that the impact of habitat damage caused by engineering projects on the whole region in 2015 is greater than 0.8, which indicates that the cumulative impact of habitat damage caused by engineering projects on the whole region is very small. It is projected that the cumulative impact of habitat destruction planned for 2025 for the entire region will only increase to the present extent and scope; however, the construction of the power stations, The total amount of soil and water loss in 2015 is 52284.21 t, of which the total amount of new soil erosion is 49785t. It is predicted that the soil and water loss caused by the waste slag of power station in 2025 will be the main cause of soil and water loss. The existing environmental problems and the trend of evolution in the future, The countermeasures of protection and restoration of cumulative impact are put forward, and a set of management system suitable for the healthy development of Taohe River main stream (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) is established. In this paper, the representative Taohe mainstream (Lintan ~ Zhuoni) in Northwest China is chosen as the research object, which enriches the connotation of cumulative environmental impact assessment and plays a certain guiding role in the planning of Tao River basin in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X826

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