發(fā)布時間：2018-05-19 11:30

  本文選題：地方政府 + 重點流域�。� 參考：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著經濟的發(fā)展,我國的水環(huán)境質量經歷了從局部惡化到全面惡化的過程,這其中重點流域的污染情況最為觸目驚心。造成這種現象的主要原因是地方政府為了自身利益,單純追求經濟增長,環(huán)保工作長期被忽視。為將地方政府從單純追求GDP轉變到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的模式,扭轉我國環(huán)境質量持續(xù)惡化的態(tài)勢,中央政府出臺了多項環(huán)境保護考核制度,以提升地方政府對環(huán)保工作的重視程度。這其中重點流域環(huán)境保護考核制度作為一項較早開展的環(huán)保考核制度,經歷了從形成、發(fā)展再到進一步改革的演變。本文從重點流域環(huán)�？己诉\行情況進行研究,分析其運行中的成效與不足,旨在提出重點流域環(huán)保考核改革的方向和具體建議。論文首先介紹了文章的選題和意義,研究我國的重點流域環(huán)境保護考核制度有助于推進環(huán)保工作有效實施,對其他環(huán)保考核制度的運行也具有參考意義。隨后,文章對重點流域、水污染防治、環(huán)境保護考核制度的概念進行了界定,對中央政府與地方政府間的委托代理關系、政府績效管理理論、激勵理論進行了簡述。接著回顧了我國重點流域環(huán)�？己酥贫瘸雠_的背景,簡述了考核制度的基本構成和目前制度的實施情況以及"十三五"以來考核制度的改革方向。文章重點以"十二五"期間的重點流域環(huán)�？己酥贫冗\行情況作為研究對象,結合考核的實際進行分析和總結。文章以文獻和實證研究法為主要研究手段,對重點流域環(huán)境保護考核制度進行分析,得出重點流域環(huán)�？己说倪\行實施帶來了四點成效:一是地方政府環(huán)保重視程度不斷提升;二是環(huán)境質量不斷改善;三是環(huán)保基礎設施建設加快;四是環(huán)境標準要求不斷提高。但結合現實情況分析,考核在給地方政府環(huán)境保護工作帶來激勵的同時,也存在一些不足。如考核內容不全面導致的不公平現象、中央與地方政府之間信息不對稱導致的道德風險、多任務特征導致的考核前后不一致現象、考核內部化導致的虛假治理。針對這些現象,文章綜合相關理論對重點流域考核制度的優(yōu)化提出三點建議:一是優(yōu)化考核目標的可實現性,具體措施為合理設置目標難度,充分考慮地區(qū)差異,強化目標的正負激勵,提供目標實施保障;二是優(yōu)化考核流程和指標設置,具體為審核工作前置、科學設置考核指標、強化日常考核以替代定期考核,綜合配置考核人員;三是優(yōu)化考核的外部參與,具體措施為推動環(huán)境監(jiān)測第三方外包、加大公眾參與力度、允許媒體和非政府組織參與考核。通過這些措施,進一步完善現行的重點流域環(huán)保考核制度,助力正在進行的環(huán)�？己酥贫雀母�,以求更好地提升地方政府環(huán)保執(zhí)行力,促進環(huán)境質量好轉。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the quality of water environment in our country has experienced the process from local deterioration to overall deterioration, among which the pollution in key river basins is the most shocking. The main reason for this phenomenon is that local governments pursue economic growth only for their own benefit and environmental protection work has been neglected for a long time. In order to change the mode of local government from pursuing GDP to sustainable development, and to reverse the situation of environmental quality deterioration in China, the central government has issued a number of environmental protection assessment systems to enhance the attention of local governments to environmental protection work. As an early environmental assessment system, the assessment system of environmental protection in key watersheds has undergone an evolution from formation, development to further reform. This paper studies the operation of environmental protection assessment in key watersheds, analyzes its effectiveness and deficiency in its operation, and puts forward the direction and concrete suggestions for the reform of environmental protection assessment in key watersheds. This paper first introduces the topic and significance of the article, and studies the environmental protection assessment system in key watersheds in China, which is helpful to promote the effective implementation of environmental protection work, and also has reference significance for the operation of other environmental protection assessment systems. Then, the paper defines the concepts of key watershed, water pollution prevention and environmental protection assessment system, and briefly describes the principal-agent relationship between central government and local governments, the theory of government performance management, and the theory of incentive. Then it reviews the background of environmental protection assessment system in key watersheds in China, briefly describes the basic composition of the assessment system, the current implementation of the system and the reform direction of the assessment system since the 13th Five-Year Plan. This paper focuses on the operation of the environmental protection assessment system of the key watershed during the 12th Five-Year Plan period as the research object, and analyzes and summarizes the actual situation of the assessment. Based on the literature and empirical research methods, this paper analyzes the assessment system of environmental protection in key watersheds, and concludes that the implementation of environmental protection assessment in key watersheds has brought about four achievements: first, the local governments pay more and more attention to environmental protection; Second, environmental quality is continuously improved; third, the construction of environmental protection infrastructure is accelerated; and fourth, the requirements of environmental standards are constantly raised. However, according to the analysis of the reality, there are some shortcomings in the examination, which not only brings encouragement to the local government's environmental protection work, but also has some shortcomings. Such as the unfair phenomenon caused by the incomplete content of the assessment, the moral hazard caused by the information asymmetry between the central government and the local government, the inconsistent phenomenon of the assessment caused by the multi-task characteristics, and the false governance caused by the internalization of the assessment. In view of these phenomena, the article synthesizes the correlation theory to the key watershed appraisal system optimization proposed three suggestions: first, optimizes the appraisal goal the realizability, the concrete measure is reasonable setting the target difficulty, fully considers the regional difference, Strengthen the positive and negative motivation of the goal, provide the goal implementation guarantee; second, optimize the examination process and index setting, specifically for the audit work, set up the examination index scientifically, strengthen the daily examination to replace the regular examination, and collocate the staff comprehensively; The third is to optimize the external participation of the assessment, the specific measures are to promote the third party outsourcing of environmental monitoring, increase public participation, and allow the media and non-governmental organizations to participate in the assessment. Through these measures, the current assessment system of environmental protection in key watersheds is further improved, and the reform of environmental protection assessment system is being carried out in order to better enhance the environmental protection executive power of local governments and promote the improvement of environmental quality.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321

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