本文選題：鎳(Ⅱ) + 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮��； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究絡(luò)合-超濾-電沉積集成技術(shù),以陰離子型水溶性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和羧甲基纖維素(CMC)為絡(luò)合劑,考察了PVP和CMC的預(yù)處理過程、絡(luò)合-超濾處理含鎳廢水的濃縮、解絡(luò)合、聚合物回收利用等過程,并進(jìn)一步研究了電沉積處理絡(luò)合-超濾后的含鎳濃縮液。探討了絡(luò)合-超濾過程中pH、負(fù)載比L、透膜壓TMP、絡(luò)合時(shí)間、體積濃縮因子VCF和外加鹽等因素對(duì)Ni(Ⅱ)去除率和膜通量的影響,研究了電沉積回收含鎳濃縮液過程中電流密度、初始pH、電解時(shí)間、溫度、極距、攪拌等參數(shù)對(duì)電沉積鎳過程中電流效率和鎳回收率的影響。首先,對(duì)聚合物進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,發(fā)現(xiàn):預(yù)處理聚合物PVP過程中,當(dāng)絡(luò)合時(shí)間從5分鐘增加到50分鐘,瞬時(shí)通量Ji略微下降,之后基本保持穩(wěn)定;預(yù)處理聚合物CMC過程中,當(dāng)絡(luò)合時(shí)間從5分鐘增加到40分鐘,瞬時(shí)通量Ji略微下降,之后基本保持穩(wěn)定。而兩者均隨著壓力的增加,膜通量也隨之增大,因?yàn)閴毫υ龃蠖岣吡蓑?qū)動(dòng)力,從而導(dǎo)致膜通量的增大。當(dāng)透膜壓TMP從0.5 bar增大到1.5bar,截留率Rp和Rc幾乎沒有變化,這可能是因?yàn)閴簭?qiáng)不改變PVP和CMC的結(jié)構(gòu)以及膜表面結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,而只是影響溶液的滲透率。穩(wěn)定通量Js不隨pH的變化而改變,這是因?yàn)閜H并不改變聚合物結(jié)構(gòu)一致性,也不會(huì)增加膜污染。在相同的壓強(qiáng)條件下,當(dāng)pH從3增大到10,其截留率R基本保持不變,這說明截留率R不受pH的影響。然后進(jìn)行絡(luò)合-超濾實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn):在絡(luò)合-超濾過程中,隨著pH的增大,鎳離子去除率逐漸增大,最高可達(dá)到97%,PVP絡(luò)合時(shí)最佳pH選擇為7,而CMC絡(luò)合時(shí)最佳pH選擇為8;隨著負(fù)載比從1增大到4,鎳離子去除率逐漸增大,最高可達(dá)到97%,之后不再發(fā)生變化,PVP絡(luò)合時(shí)最佳負(fù)載比為4,而CMC絡(luò)合時(shí)最佳負(fù)載比為2;在相同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,分別使用兩種絡(luò)合劑時(shí),膜通量隨著透膜壓的增加幾乎呈線性增長,而鎳離子去除率不受其影響;在絡(luò)合反應(yīng)的前期,截留率增加迅速,之后保持穩(wěn)定,PVP絡(luò)合時(shí)選擇30min作為最優(yōu)絡(luò)合時(shí)間,而CMC則選擇20 min為最優(yōu)絡(luò)合時(shí)間;外加鹽(NaCl)對(duì)鎳離子截留率和膜通量的影響相似,截留率和膜通量均稍微下降,但是幅度較小。之后對(duì)絡(luò)合-超濾后的溶液進(jìn)行濃縮、解絡(luò)合和聚合物回收利用處理,發(fā)現(xiàn):PVP-Ni濃縮過程在pH=7、TMP=1.0 bar、L=4、VCF=10作為濃縮條件下,濃縮液中的鎳離子濃度Cr=192.3 mg/L,然而滲透液中的鎳離子濃度Cp基本保持在1.5mg/L,解絡(luò)合后,PVP-Ni(Ⅱ)絡(luò)合物的解離率達(dá)到了42%,而再生的PVP和初始PVP絡(luò)合能力非常接近,說明聚合物可再生使用;CMC-Ni濃縮過程在pH=8、TMP=1.0 bar、L=2作為濃縮條件下,得到的截留液濃度Cr=196.6 mg/L,然而滲透液中的鎳離子濃度Cp基本保持在0.6mg/L,均略高于PVP-Ni濃縮過程,解絡(luò)合后,CMC-Ni(Ⅱ)絡(luò)合物的解離率達(dá)到了56%,亦高于PVP-Ni解絡(luò)合過程,再生的CMC和初始CMC絡(luò)合能力也非常接近,說明聚合物可再生使用,且優(yōu)于PVP。最后采用電沉積法處理得到的含鎳濃縮液,發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)電流密度、電解時(shí)間增加時(shí),電流效率隨之下降,而鎳回收率增大;當(dāng)pH、極距增大時(shí),電流效率和鎳回收率均先增大后減小;溫度升高和低速攪拌均可提高電流密度與鎳回收率。在電流密度為3.5mA/cm2,pH為4,電解時(shí)間130 min,溫度為50℃,極距為10 cm,加入低速攪拌等最優(yōu)條件下,電流效率可達(dá)42%,鎳回收率最高可達(dá)52%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the complex ultrafiltration and electrodeposition integrated technology was studied. The pretreatment process of PVP and CMC was investigated with anionic water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as complexing agent. The process of concentration, complexation, recovery and utilization of the nickel containing wastewater by complex ultrafiltration was studied, and the electrodeposition was further studied. In the process of complexing and ultrafiltration, the nickel concentration solution was studied. The effects of pH, load ratio L, permeable pressure TMP, complexation time, volume concentration factor VCF and outer salt on the removal rate of Ni (II) and membrane flux were investigated. The current density, initial pH, electrolysis time, temperature, polar distance, agitation and so on were studied. The effects of parameters on the current efficiency and nickel recovery during electrodeposition of nickel. First, the polymer was pretreated. It was found that in the process of pretreated polymer PVP, when the complexing time increased from 5 minutes to 50 minutes, the instantaneous flux Ji decreased slightly, and then remained basically stable; the complexing time increased from 5 minutes in the predisposed polymer CMC process. At 40 minutes, the instantaneous flux Ji decreases slightly, and then basically remains stable, and the flux increases with the increase of pressure, which increases the driving force and increases the flux of the membrane. When the membrane pressure increases from 0.5 bar to 1.5bar, the interception rate Rp and Rc almost does not change, which may be because the pressure is not strong. Change the structure of PVP and CMC and the size of the surface structure of the membrane, but only affect the permeability of the solution. The stable flux Js does not change with the change of pH, which is because pH does not change the consistency of the polymer structure and does not increase the membrane fouling. In the same pressure condition, when pH increases from 3 to 10, the retention rate R remains unchanged basically, which indicates interception. The rate of R is not affected by pH. Then, the complexing ultrafiltration experiment shows that with the increase of pH, the removal rate of nickel ions increases gradually, the maximum can reach 97%, the best pH selection is 7 when PVP complexing, and the best pH selection is 8 when CMC complexing, and the nickel ion removal rate increases gradually with the load ratio from 1 to 4, and the maximum can reach 97%. After the PVP complexation, the optimum load ratio is 4 and the optimum load ratio of CMC complexing is 2. Under the same experimental conditions, the membrane flux is almost linearly increased with the increase of the permeable pressure, but the removal rate of nickel ions is not affected; the retention rate increases rapidly in the early stage of the complex reaction, after which the retention rate is guaranteed. When PVP is stable, 30min is selected as the optimal complexing time, while CMC chooses 20 min as the optimal complexing time. The effect of added salt (NaCl) on the retention rate of nickel ions and membrane flux is similar, the interception rate and membrane flux are slightly decreased, but the amplitude is small. Then the solution of complex and ultrafiltration is concentrated, complexing and polymer recovery. It is found that the concentration of nickel ions in the concentrated solution is Cr=192.3 mg/L under the concentration of pH=7, TMP=1.0 bar, L=4 and VCF=10, while the concentration Cp of nickel ions in the liquid is basically maintained at 1.5mg/L, and the dissociation rate of the PVP-Ni (II) complex is 42%, and the regeneration PVP and initial complexing ability is very connected with the concentration of the concentration of nickel ions in the concentration solution, while the concentration of nickel ions in the concentration solution is Cr=192.3 mg/L. It is close to explain the renewable use of polymers; the concentration of CMC-Ni concentration in pH=8, TMP=1.0 bar, L=2 as concentration conditions, the concentration of the retention solution is Cr=196.6 mg/L, but the nickel concentration Cp in the osmosis is basically maintained at 0.6mg/L, slightly higher than the PVP-Ni concentration process. After the solution, the dissociation rate of the CMC-Ni (II) complex is 56%, and is higher than that of PVP-. The complexing process of Ni solution, the regenerated CMC and the initial CMC complexing ability are also very close, indicating that the polymer is renewable and is better than the nickel concentration solution obtained by electrodeposition at the end of PVP.. It is found that the current efficiency decreases and the nickel recovery increases when the current density increases and the nickel recovery increases. When pH, the polar distance increases, the current efficiency and the current efficiency are increased. The recovery rate of nickel increases first and then decreases, and the current density and nickel recovery can be increased by the increase of temperature and low speed agitation. The current efficiency can reach 42% and the nickel recovery can reach to 52%. at the current density of 3.5mA/cm2, pH 4, 130 min, 50 C, 10 cm and low speed agitation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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