本文選題：合肥市 + 面源污染　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,是當(dāng)今社會中導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境逐漸惡化的重要污染源,已然成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的一項重要瓶頸問題。而我們所在的城市——合肥市及周邊地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染已經(jīng)達到相當(dāng)驚人的程度,不僅破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境,影響了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,還進一步影響了人們的生活質(zhì)量以及健康狀態(tài),從而導(dǎo)致了社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平降低,甚至于動搖了整個社會發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。跟點源污染相比,面源污染具有范圍廣、影響大、擴散快等特點,無論從人們的重視程度還是政府對面源污染治理的投入力度,都遠遠達不到期望友好環(huán)境的理想狀態(tài)。對于農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的治理對策雖然有各種不同的措施,并且都起了一定的作用,但綜合效果仍然欠佳,難以達到滿意的治理效果。因此,針對安徽省合肥市的目前現(xiàn)狀和實際情況,我們提出了關(guān)于合肥市農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的治理對策。本文采取了綜合分析的方法,著重調(diào)查了包含合肥市區(qū)、巢湖市、廬江縣、肥東縣、肥西縣及長豐縣在內(nèi)的種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和生活污水的污染現(xiàn)狀,研究結(jié)果如下。1、合肥市2015年調(diào)查種植業(yè)污染現(xiàn)狀結(jié)果。合肥市2015年農(nóng)作物播種總面積為1131.45萬畝,其中,各縣市區(qū)的種植情況是,合肥市區(qū)種植面積48.153萬畝,占整個合肥市4.26%,巢湖市種植面積131.817萬畝,占11.65%,廬江縣種植面積266.6萬畝,占23.56%,肥東縣種植面積171萬畝,占15.11%,肥西縣種植面積166.65萬畝,占14.73%,長豐縣種植面積147.23萬畝,占13.01%。合肥市全年的總氮流失量為13147.4噸,總磷全年的流失量為350.7噸;在各縣市區(qū)的排放份額中,廬江縣的排放幾乎占據(jù)了四分之一,達到合肥市總量的23.56%,合肥市區(qū)(主要含包河區(qū)和蜀山區(qū))的排放量僅為4.26%,其它各縣市區(qū)的排放總量都在11%~15%左右。2、合肥市2015年調(diào)查養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染現(xiàn)狀結(jié)果。合肥市2015年生豬總數(shù)共435.09萬頭,其中巢湖市30.1萬頭,廬江縣35.3萬頭,肥東縣150.91萬頭,肥西縣63.59萬頭,長豐縣137.67萬頭。合肥市2015年生豬養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染物糞便排放量是1778647.9噸、尿液排放量是4049600.2千升、化學(xué)需氧量排放量是536611.7噸、全氮排放量是40337.2噸、全磷排放量是5097.7噸、銅排放量是302.6噸、鋅的排放量是447.2噸。這些污染物表現(xiàn)在肥東縣和長豐縣的排放量大,占據(jù)整個合肥市排放量的三分之二以上,合肥市區(qū)主要集中在蜀山區(qū)的小廟鎮(zhèn),排放量相對較小。合肥市2015年肉牛共有13942頭,其中巢湖市有3162頭,廬江縣有10780頭。每年的糞便排放量是75314.7噸,尿液排放量是45341.5千升,全氮全磷的排放量分別是781.0噸和101.0噸,化學(xué)需氧量排放量是15846.6噸。銅、鋅排放量分別是0.5噸和2.4噸。3、根據(jù)合肥市種植業(yè)和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的研究現(xiàn)狀可以看出,合肥市農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染存在著極大的威脅,迫切的需要采取相應(yīng)的措施進行治理,采取的治理對策包括:擴大宣傳,提高公眾環(huán)保意識;加強組織管理和監(jiān)督職能;發(fā)揮法律和制度的積極作用;充分利用經(jīng)濟的調(diào)節(jié)功能;及強化技術(shù)防治措施功能。
[Abstract]:Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important source of pollution that leads to the gradual deterioration of the ecological environment in today's society. It has become an important bottleneck problem in the development of modern agriculture, and the agricultural non-point source pollution in the city of Hefei and its surrounding areas has reached quite amazing range, which not only destroys the ecological environment, but also affects the agricultural products. Quality has further affected people's quality of life and health, which has led to the decline in the level of social and economic development and even the foundation of the development of the whole society. Compared with point source pollution, the pollution of the source has the characteristics of wide range, great influence and rapid diffusion, both from the level of people's attention and the treatment of the government from the pollution of the source. Although there are various measures for the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution and play a certain role, the comprehensive effect is still poor and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, the current situation and actual situation of Hefei in Anhui Province, I We have put forward the Countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hefei. This paper adopts a comprehensive analysis method, and focuses on the investigation of the pollution status of planting, breeding and domestic sewage, including Hefei City, Chaohu City, Lujiang County, Feidong County, Feixi county and Changfeng County. The results of the study are as follows:.1, Hefei in 2015. The total area of Hefei's crop sowing in 2015 is 11 million 314 thousand and 500 mu. Among them, the planting of various counties and cities is 481 thousand and 530 mu, 4.26% in Hefei, 1 million 318 thousand and 170 mu in Chaohu and 11.65% in Chaohu, 23.56% in Lujiang County, 1 million 710 thousand mu in Feidong County, and 15.11 in Feidong. 15.11. %, the planting area of Feixi county is 1 million 666 thousand and 500 mu, accounting for 14.73%. The planting area of Changfeng county is 1 million 472 thousand and 300 mu. The total nitrogen loss of 13.01%. Hefei city is 13147.4 tons in the whole year, and the total phosphorus loss is 350.7 tons in the whole year. In the discharge share of the counties and cities, the emission of Lujiang county is almost 1/4, reaching the total of the Hefei City, and the Hefei urban area ( The emission of mainly Baohe and Shushan areas was only 4.26%, the total emission of other counties and cities was around 11%~15%.2, and Hefei city was investigated in 2015. The total number of pig breeding industry in Hefei in 2015 was 4 million 350 thousand and 900, including 301 thousand in Chaohu, 353 thousand in Lujiang County, 1 million 509 thousand and 100 in Feidong County, 635 thousand and 900 in Feixi County, Changfeng County. County 1 million 376 thousand and 700. Hefei in 2015, the fecal emissions of the pig breeding industry are 1778647.9 tons, urine emissions are 4049600.2 litres, chemical oxygen demand emissions are 536611.7 tons, total nitrogen emissions are 40337.2 tons, total phosphorus emissions are 5097.7 tons, copper emissions are 302.6 tons, and zinc emissions are 447.2 tons. These pollutants are shown in Feidong. The emissions of county and Changfeng County are large, occupying more than 2/3 of the total emissions of Hefei, and Hefei city is mainly concentrated in small temple towns in Shushan District, with relatively small emissions. In Hefei, there were 13942 cattle in 2015, of which 3162 were in Chaohu and 10780 in Lujiang county. The annual fecal emissions were 75314.7 tons, and urine emissions were 45341. .5 thousand liters, total nitrogen total phosphorus emissions are 781 tons and 101 tons, chemical oxygen demand emissions are 15846.6 tons. Copper, zinc emission is 0.5 tons and 2.4 tons of.3. According to the research status of Hefei planting and breeding industry, it can be seen that there is a great threat to agricultural non-point source pollution in Hefei, and the urgent need to take appropriate measures to advance. The countermeasures include: expanding propaganda, improving public awareness of environmental protection, strengthening the function of organization management and supervision, giving full play to the positive role of law and system, making full use of the regulating function of the economy, and strengthening the function of technical prevention and control measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X71;X52

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