本文選題：污泥 + 墊料��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著污水處理的普及,污泥產(chǎn)量劇增;同時(shí)隨著發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與推廣產(chǎn)生了大量的廢棄墊料,如何發(fā)揮這些廢棄物的內(nèi)在價(jià)值,將其變廢為寶已成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。熱解能夠?qū)⒂卸居泻Τ煞指咝Ы到夂头�(wěn)定化,是目前較有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ囊环N生物質(zhì)廢棄物的處置方式。生物炭(biochar)是由廢棄生物質(zhì)在厭氧或限氧環(huán)境下,熱解得到的一類穩(wěn)定的、高度芳香化的多孔狀富碳固型材料。由于生物炭含有豐富的表面含氧官能團(tuán)、發(fā)達(dá)的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)及豐富的元素組成,其在固碳、溫室氣體減排、土壤改良和作物增產(chǎn)等多個(gè)方面具有良好的應(yīng)用前景并受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文以生活污泥和廢棄墊料為原料,在不同溫度的氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)無氧氣氛下熱解制備生物炭(記為W500、W600、W700和D500、D600、D700,其中W代表污泥,D代表墊料,所跟數(shù)字代表炭化溫度),利用元素分析儀、場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、BET比表面積儀、傅立葉變換紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)等方法分析其元素組成、表面形貌及其比表面積,分析了熱解溫度對(duì)生物炭特性的影響;采用批量吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了吸附時(shí)間和溶液平衡濃度對(duì)生物炭吸附水溶液中Pb2+的效果;采用土壤培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)通過BCR分級(jí)提取方法研究生物炭對(duì)污染土壤中重金屬形態(tài)和微量元素形態(tài)變化影響;并采用盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)研究生物炭對(duì)植株生物量和地上部重金屬含量累積的影響,結(jié)合生物炭特性,分析Pb、Cd化學(xué)形態(tài)隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,揭示生物炭對(duì)土壤改良的效應(yīng),以期為生物炭修復(fù)污染土壤提供理論支持。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)隨著制備溫度的升高,原料結(jié)構(gòu)都被逐步破壞,污泥與墊料生物炭的產(chǎn)率逐漸下降,pH值和灰分含量逐漸升高,含氧官能團(tuán)含量減少,CH2、C=C、C=O等基團(tuán)逐漸減少。(2)兩類生物炭對(duì)Pb2+的吸附均在24h后可達(dá)到表觀平衡。生物炭對(duì)Pb2+的吸附能力高低次序?yàn)?D500D600D700W600W700W500,其中吸附能力最佳的D500對(duì)Pb2+的飽和吸附量為97.96mg·g-1。生物炭對(duì)Pb2+的吸附過程更符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,其中W600和W700對(duì)Pb2+的吸附可用Freundlich等溫方程較好的擬合,而W500和墊料生物炭則更符合Langmuir模型。(3)添加生物炭后,污染土壤pH值不同程度地升高,并且隨平衡時(shí)間的延長而顯著升高。生物炭對(duì)重金屬都有很好的固定效果,且對(duì)Pb的固定效果優(yōu)于Cd。同時(shí),Pb在復(fù)合污染中的固定效果優(yōu)于單一污染,而Cd的固定效果與此相反。(4)添加生物炭能提高蘇州青地上部的生物量,并降低植株內(nèi)Pb、Cd含量,與W600相比D500有更好的效果;與對(duì)照組相比,在單一污染土壤中,小青菜中Pb、Cd含量的降幅達(dá)到顯著水平,在復(fù)合污染土壤中尚未達(dá)到顯著水平。(5)生物炭對(duì)污染土壤中不同微量元素的影響不相同;綜合來說墊料生物炭比污泥生物炭更適合鈍化修復(fù)重金屬Pb、Cd的污染土壤。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the popularization of sewage treatment, sludge production has increased dramatically. At the same time, with the application and popularization of fermentation bed culture technology, a large number of waste pads have been produced, so how to play the inherent value of these wastes, Turning it into a treasure has become the focus of current research. Pyrolysis can effectively degrade and stabilize toxic and harmful components, which is a potential disposal method of biomass waste. Biochar is a kind of stable, highly aromatized porous carbon-rich solid material obtained from the pyrolysis of waste biomass in anaerobic or oxygen-limited environment. Because of its abundant surface oxygen functional groups, well developed pore structure and abundant element composition, biochar has a good application prospect in carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission reduction, soil improvement and crop production. In this paper, biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of living sludge and waste gasket in anaerobic atmosphere of nitrogen protection at different temperatures (W500U W600 W700 and D500 D600 D600 D700, where W represented sludge D as gasket, followed by figures representing carbonization temperature and temperature), and element analyzer was used. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the element composition, surface morphology and specific surface area. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar was analyzed. The effects of adsorption time and solution equilibrium concentration on adsorption of Pb2 in aqueous solution of biochar were studied by batch adsorption experiments. The effects of biochar on the speciation of heavy metals and trace elements in contaminated soil were studied by BCR method. The effects of biochar on plant biomass and accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground were studied by pot experiment. In combination with the characteristics of biochar, the changes of chemical forms of Pb, CD with time were analyzed, and the effects of biochar on soil improvement were revealed. In order to provide theoretical support for biochar remediation of contaminated soil. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) with the increase of preparation temperature, the structure of raw material is destroyed gradually, the yield of sludge and biochar decreases gradually and the pH value and ash content increase gradually. The content of oxygen functional groups decreased and the groups such as Ch _ 2H _ 2C _ (C _ (C) C _ (C) C _ (C) O) gradually decreased. (2) the adsorption of Pb2 by two kinds of biochar could reach the apparent equilibrium after 24 hours. The adsorption ability of biochar to Pb2 was in the order of: D500D600D700W600W500. among them, the saturated adsorption capacity of D500 to Pb2 was 97.96mg g-1. The adsorption process of biochar on Pb2 is more in line with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of W600 and W700 on Pb2 can be fitted well by Freundlich isothermal equation, while W500 and biochar on the pad accord with Langmuir model. 3) after adding biochar, the adsorption of W600 and W700 on Pb2 can be fitted well by Freundlich isothermal equation. The pH value of contaminated soil increased in varying degrees and increased significantly with the increase of equilibrium time. Biochar has a good fixation effect on heavy metals, and the fixation effect on Pb is better than that on CD. At the same time, the fixation effect of Pb in compound pollution was better than that of single pollution, whereas CD fixation effect was opposite. The addition of biochar could increase the aboveground biomass and reduce the content of Pb and CD in the plant. Compared with W600, D500 had a better effect. Compared with the control group, in the single polluted soil, the content of Pb ~ (2 +) CD in green vegetables decreased significantly, but in the compound polluted soil, it did not reach the significant level. (5) the effect of biochar on different trace elements in polluted soil was different. Generally speaking, biochar is more suitable than sludge biochar for passivation and remediation of heavy metal Pb ~ (2 +) CD contaminated soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X703

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