本文選題：嘉陵江下游 + 人工基質(zhì)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：采用人工基質(zhì)法,于2015年8月至2016年7月對(duì)嘉陵江下游4個(gè)斷面及作為對(duì)照的中游一個(gè)斷面的周叢藻類進(jìn)行了調(diào)查�；谡{(diào)查各斷面周叢藻類種類組成、群落結(jié)構(gòu)及生物多樣性指數(shù)等的周年變化,構(gòu)建了適合于嘉陵江下游的周叢藻類生物完整性指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)體系(P-IBI),據(jù)此評(píng)價(jià)了嘉陵江下游水質(zhì)及河流健康狀況。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)調(diào)查共發(fā)現(xiàn)周叢藻類126種,隸屬于6門46屬。硅藻門(Baeillariophyta)全年均為優(yōu)勢(shì)種,共檢出21屬92種,主要種類是針桿藻屬(Synedra)、菱形藻屬(Nitzschia)、直鏈藻屬(Melosira)、舟形藻屬(Navicula)、脆桿藻屬(Fragilaria)。綠藻門(Chlorophyta)共檢出14屬17種,主要種類是轉(zhuǎn)板藻屬(Mougeotia)、毛枝藻屬(Stigeoclonium)和絲藻屬(Ulothrix)。藍(lán)藻門(Cyanophyta)共檢出6屬10種,主要種類是魚腥藻屬(Anabaena)、顫藻屬(Oscillatoria)、平裂藻屬(Merismopedia)和束絲藻屬(Aphanizomenon)。裸藻門(Euglenophyta)、甲藻門(Pyrrophyta)和黃藻門(Xanthophyta)種類數(shù)較少,其他門類沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)。全年各斷面周叢藻類種類數(shù):水土鹽井合川磁器口金子。不同季節(jié)間周叢藻類的種類數(shù):秋季冬季=春季夏季。嘉陵江下游周叢藻類密度和生物量均呈現(xiàn)出草街電站庫(kù)區(qū)及庫(kù)區(qū)下游斷面明顯高于庫(kù)區(qū)上游斷面的趨勢(shì)。流速、亞硝酸鹽、銨鹽氮和N:P等4項(xiàng)指標(biāo)在壩上壩下斷面間存在顯著性差異(P0.05);亞硝酸鹽、TP、磷酸鹽和N:P在壩上三個(gè)斷面間也存在顯著性差異(P0.05);壩下斷面間只有流速存在顯著性差異(P0.05)。依照本研究中TP和銨鹽氮的分布范圍,嘉陵江下游水體主要屬于Ⅱ~Ⅲ類水。(2)Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)和Pielous均勻性指數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)出,草街電站庫(kù)區(qū)上游斷面高于庫(kù)區(qū)及庫(kù)區(qū)下游斷面,從大壩上游到下游逐漸減小的趨勢(shì)。Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)值顯示,磁器口處于β-中污染,其余斷面均為輕污染。Pielous均勻性指數(shù)值顯示五個(gè)斷面都處于輕污染。Margalef豐富度指數(shù)顯示五個(gè)斷面全為重污染。不同斷面間周叢藻類的群落相似性主要表現(xiàn)為輕度相似,不同斷面不同季節(jié)間也以輕度相似為主,個(gè)別季節(jié)間表現(xiàn)為中度相似,表明各個(gè)斷面在不同的季節(jié)里河流環(huán)境變化較大,穩(wěn)定性較差。硅藻商值顯示五個(gè)斷面水體全為貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)型。污染指數(shù)顯示五個(gè)斷面全為重污染。周叢藻類污水生物系統(tǒng)法、污染評(píng)價(jià)值法顯示五個(gè)斷面水質(zhì)均處于β-中污向α-中污過(guò)渡的狀態(tài)。硅藻商值與污染指數(shù)法不適用于嘉陵江下游水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)。污水生物系統(tǒng)法和污染評(píng)價(jià)值法對(duì)嘉陵江下游水質(zhì)的評(píng)價(jià)比生物多樣性指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)更可靠。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)30個(gè)候選參數(shù)進(jìn)行分布范圍檢驗(yàn)、判別能力分析及Pearson相關(guān)性分析,共篩選出硅藻屬的總數(shù)、硅藻種類數(shù)百分比、綠藻種類數(shù)百分比、綠藻密度百分比、菱形藻密度百分比、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)、硅藻屬指數(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)硅藻密度百分比等8個(gè)參數(shù)用于構(gòu)建嘉陵江下游P-IBI評(píng)價(jià)體系。比較幾種不同評(píng)分方法,3分制以參照點(diǎn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評(píng)分結(jié)果與4分制以所有點(diǎn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評(píng)分結(jié)果更可靠。海拔、氧化還原電位和NO2--N與嘉陵江下游P-IBI值顯著相關(guān)(P0.05)。五個(gè)斷面中,金子、合川處于“健康”狀態(tài),鹽井、水土處于“亞健康”向“一般”過(guò)渡狀態(tài),磁器口處于“亞健康”狀態(tài)。(4)周叢藻類生物多樣性指數(shù)、污水生物系統(tǒng)法、污染評(píng)價(jià)值法和P-IBI值對(duì)嘉陵江下游河流健康狀況的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果大體一致,即草街電站庫(kù)區(qū)上游水質(zhì)優(yōu)于庫(kù)區(qū)及庫(kù)區(qū)下游斷面。與生物多樣性指數(shù)和藻類生物指示法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果相比,應(yīng)用P-IBI值評(píng)價(jià)河流健康狀況具有更高的敏感性和準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:4 sections of the lower Jialing River and a cross section of the middle reaches of the middle reaches of the middle reaches of the Jialing River were investigated by artificial matrix method from August 2015 to July 2016. Based on the investigation of the species composition, community structure and biological diversity index of the sections of each section, the growth of Periphytic algae suitable for the lower reaches of the Jialing River was constructed. The evaluation system of physical integrity index (P-IBI) was used to evaluate the water quality and health status of the lower reaches of the Jialing River. The main results were as follows: (1) 126 species of Zhou group were found, belonging to 6 gates and 46 genera. All the Baeillariophyta were dominant species throughout the year, and 21 genera and 92 species were detected. The main species were Synedra and Nitzschia. Melosira, Navicula, Fragilaria and Chlorophyta, 14 genera and 17 species, the main species are Mougeotia, Stigeoclonium and Ulothrix, and 10 species of cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta), the main species are Anabaena (Anabaena), and Oscillat (Oscillat). Oria), the genus Merismopedia and Aphanizomenon, Aphanizomenon, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta and Xanthophyta were less, and the other categories were not found. In spring and summer, the density and biomass of the Zhou group in the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River show a trend of obviously higher than the upstream section of the reservoir area in the reservoir area and the lower reaches of the reservoir area. The 4 indexes, such as velocity, nitrite, ammonium, nitrogen and N:P, have significant difference (P0.05) in the lower section of the dam, and the nitrite, TP, phosphate and N:P are on the dam. There are significant differences (P0.05) in the cross section (P0.05). According to the distribution of TP and ammonium salt in this study, the water body of the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River belongs mainly to class II ~ III water. (2) the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielous evenness index are all present, and the upstream section of the reservoir area of the grass street power station is higher than that of the reservoir The downstream section of the region and the lower reaches of the reservoir is gradually decreasing from the upstream of the dam to the lower reaches of the dam. The.Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicates that the magnetic port is in the beta - medium pollution, and the other sections are all light polluted.Pielous homogeneity index. The five sections are all in the light polluted.Margalef richness index, showing that five sections are all heavy pollution. The community similarity of the group was mainly mild similar, with slight similarity in different seasons and moderate similarity in some seasons, indicating that the river environment changed greatly and the stability was poor in different seasons. The diatom quotient value showed that five sections of the water body were all poor nutrition. The results show that five sections are all heavy pollution. The biological system method of Chou Chou sewage, pollution evaluation method shows that the water quality of five sections is in the transition from beta to alpha to medium pollution. Diatom commercial value and pollution index method are not applicable to the water quality evaluation in the lower Jialingjiang River. The evaluation of sewage biological system and pollution assessment value method for the water quality in the lower Jialing River The valuation was more reliable than the biodiversity index. (3) the total number of diatom, the percentage of diatom species, the percentage of diatom species, the percentage of green algae, the density percentage of the green algae, the density percentage of the rhomboalgic algae, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were screened by the distribution range test of the 30 candidate parameters, the discriminant ability analysis and the Pearson correlation analysis. 8 parameters, such as diatom index and diatom density percentage, are used to construct the P-IBI evaluation system in the lower Jialing River. Compared with several different scoring methods, the score results of the 3 point system with reference points and 4 points for all points are more reliable. The altitude, the oxidation return potential and the P-IBI value of the lower reaches of the Jialingjiang River are significant. In the five sections (P0.05), in the five sections, gold is in a "healthy" state, the salt well is in the transition state of "subhealth" to "general", and the magnetic mouth is in a "subhealth" state. (4) the biological diversity index of the week series, the sewage biological system method, the evaluation method of pollution and the evaluation of the P-IBI value on the river health of the lower Jialingjiang River The water quality in the upper reaches of the grass street power station is better than the reservoir area and the downstream section of the reservoir area. Compared with the evaluation results of the biological diversity index and the algae biological indicator method, it is more sensitive and accurate to evaluate the health status of the river by using the P-IBI value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X826;Q948.8

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