本文選題：機動車 + 排放清單　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年,隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展以及人均收入水平的逐步提升,民眾對于交通方面的需求也有所提升,這直接導(dǎo)致機動車保有量不斷攀升,使得機動車污染成為我國空氣污染的重要來源之一。在此背景下,建立機動車污染物排放清單,研究機動車污染物的排放特征,設(shè)定不同減排情景并分析其各自情景下的減排效果,成為控制機動車污染和改善環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量的重要手段。沈陽市是我國東北地區(qū)重要的經(jīng)濟文化交流中心和交通樞紐,同時當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥τ跈C動車的需求也處在不斷增長的狀態(tài),因此將沈陽市作為本研究的案例城市。本研究以沈陽市機動車排放的污染物為研究對象,基于機動車主要污染物排放量的計算方法,識別與修正機動車各主要污染物的排放因子,同時結(jié)合沈陽市實際調(diào)研信息,建立2013年沈陽市機動車主要污染物的排放清單,從而進一步進行了未來幾年不同減排情景的設(shè)置,對機動車污染物的減排潛力進行了分析,并提出了有關(guān)機動車污染物減排的建議,為機動車污染物對區(qū)域環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量的影響評估、機動車污染控制及減排措施的制定提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果顯示,2013年沈陽市機動車排放的主要污染物CO、HC、NOx和PM的總量分別為128500.4 t、32104.8 t、44206.3 t和1992.8 t。小型客車和出租車對CO和HC的排放貢獻率最大,而重型貨車和輕型貨車則是NOx和PM的重點排放源。沈陽市機動車所產(chǎn)生的污染物主要來自于汽油車和柴油車的排放,而新能源機動車的排放的污染物的量特別少,汽油車對污染物CO和HC的排放起到了至關(guān)重要的作用,而柴油車是NOx和PM的重點排放源。通過研究機動車污染物的空間排放特征發(fā)現(xiàn),沈陽市機動車污染物排放空間分布相對比較集中,機動車排放的各污染物二環(huán)以內(nèi)排放量占總量的70%以上。預(yù)計到2017年,沈陽市機動車保有量將達到215萬輛左右。針對設(shè)定的三種減排情景研究結(jié)果表明:如果加快淘汰黃標(biāo)車的君度,污染物CO和PM會明顯減少,而HC和NOx會有一定程度的增加;如果在加快淘汰黃標(biāo)車的同時提高機動車燃油油品的質(zhì)量,污染物CO、HC、NOx和PM都會有顯著的減少;如果在加快淘汰黃標(biāo)車的同時提高機動車燃油油品的質(zhì)量,還繼續(xù)積極發(fā)展新能源機動車,那么四種污染物會得到進一步的削減。所以,執(zhí)行高的污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、加快淘汰高排放車量、提高燃油油品質(zhì)量和積極推廣發(fā)展新型能源機動車等措施對于減少機動車污染物的排放具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of China's social economy and the gradual improvement of the level of per capita income, the demand for traffic has also been improved, which directly leads to the increasing number of motor vehicles, which makes the vehicle pollution an important source of air pollution in China. In this context, the emission of vehicle pollutants is established. It is an important means to control motor vehicle pollution and improve the environmental air quality. Shenyang is an important economic and cultural exchange center and transportation hub in Northeast China, and the local residents are for motor vehicles. The demand is also in the state of continuous growth, so Shenyang is taken as a case city of this study. This study takes the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles in Shenyang as the research object. Based on the calculation method of the main pollutant emission of motor vehicles, the paper identifies and corrections the emission factors of the main pollutants of the motor vehicles, and combines the actual investigation letter of Shenyang. The emission list of major pollutants in Shenyang in 2013 was set up, and the setting of different emission reduction scenarios in the next few years was further carried out. The potential of emission reduction for motor vehicle pollutants was analyzed, and some suggestions on the emission reduction of vehicle pollutants were put forward to evaluate the impact of motor vehicle pollutants on the air quality in the regional environment. The results of motor vehicle pollution control and emission reduction measures provide scientific basis. The results show that the total amount of CO, HC, NOx and PM in Shenyang in 2013 is 128500.4 T, 32104.8 T, 44206.3 T and 1992.8 T. minibus and taxis have the greatest contribution to CO and HC, and heavy truck and light truck. It is the key source of NOx and PM emissions. The pollutants produced by motor vehicles in Shenyang mainly come from the emission of gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles, and the emission of new energy vehicles is very small. The gasoline vehicle plays a vital role in the emission of pollutants CO and HC, and the diesel vehicle is the focal source of NOx and PM. The spatial emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants found that the spatial distribution of vehicle emission in Shenyang was relatively concentrated, and the emission of each pollutant in the second ring of motor vehicles accounted for more than 70% of the total. It is expected that in 2017, the number of motor vehicles in Shenyang will reach 2 million 150 thousand left right. For the set of three kinds of emission reduction scenarios The results show that the CO and PM will decrease significantly, and the HC and NOx will increase to a certain extent, and the CO, HC, NOx and PM of the pollutants will be significantly reduced if we accelerate the elimination of the yellow mark cars and improve the quality of the vehicle fuel oil. The quality of oil products will continue to actively develop new energy vehicles, then the four kinds of pollutants will be further reduced. Therefore, the implementation of high pollutant discharge standards, accelerating the elimination of high emission vehicles, improving the quality of fuel oil products and actively promoting the development of new energy vehicles are important to reduce the emission of vehicle pollutants. The realistic meaning of it.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X734.2

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