本文選題：毛烏素沙地東南緣 + 生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性��； 參考：《西安理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨整體經(jīng)濟體系的高速增長,脆弱生態(tài)區(qū)與大范圍人類活動的不斷重疊,針對生態(tài)環(huán)境構(gòu)成的疊加特征,屬于前世界范圍內(nèi)聚焦的核心問題之一。尤其是在荒漠化的情形之中,土地實際存在的顯著退化問題,對于地方的自然環(huán)境構(gòu)成了顯著的負面影響,同時也對于區(qū)域建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了消極影響。依據(jù)2010年訂正后的《中華人民共和國水土保持法》第十八條和二十一條規(guī)定,尤其是在生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)如何劃分的問題上。亟需研究生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性,落實可操作性的生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)劃分方案體系,推動《水土保持法》的貴徹落實。毛烏素沙地整體而言,涵蓋陜西、內(nèi)蒙古以及寧夏等多個區(qū)域的交界地帶,本文以陜西榆林地區(qū)即毛烏素沙地東南緣,涵蓋榆陽區(qū)、神木縣、靖邊縣、橫山縣和定邊縣,在榆陽區(qū)開辟了土地整治工程示范區(qū),展開了一系列試驗并對示范區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性進行了綜合評價。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)通過對工程區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境主題評價的實例應(yīng)用具體闡述基于指標體系動態(tài)變化的評價服務(wù)。對于復(fù)雜的決策評價問題,參照社會管理思維模式,將其分解為多個簡單的主題,把復(fù)雜問題形式化、結(jié)構(gòu)化、相對簡化,不僅能夠更透徹的分析問題,而且能從多方面辯證的看待問題,有力地支撐管理決策。(2)借助知識平臺的信息化處理手段,建立數(shù)據(jù)倉庫,搭建服務(wù)支撐平臺,建設(shè)組件庫,多種評價模型方法組件化,準備好前期工作。對于示范區(qū)的脆弱性問題開展對應(yīng)的評價工作,探討綜合工程的生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)效應(yīng),并對整治后主要工程的生態(tài)環(huán)境影響進行評價。經(jīng)過梳理,明確主題,分為敏感度、壓力度、彈性度等三大主題,通過具體數(shù)據(jù)，，具體算法的實例化應(yīng)有,得出生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性的具體等級。(3)根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感主題評價結(jié)果得出2014年榆陽區(qū)土地整治工程示范區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感度主題對各等級的隸屬度排序為“中度”、“輕度”、“較輕度”、“較重度”、“重度”,等級“中度”的隸屬度最大為0.36。為“輕度”、“較輕度” 、“中度”、“較重度”、“重度”分別賦分值5、4、3、2、1,最終得分結(jié)果為3.46。結(jié)果表明示范區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性等級在2014年處于“較重度”與“中度”之間,偏向于“中度”,與2011年評價結(jié)果對比,生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量有所下降。新增加的“空氣質(zhì)量日報優(yōu)良率”處于較重度水平,示范區(qū)應(yīng)當采取措施,控制PM2.5等主要空氣污染物的排放。(4)根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力度主題,模糊綜合評判法中2014年的評價結(jié)果僅僅略微高于“較輕度”,同樣綜合指數(shù)法中2011年的評價結(jié)果也略微低于“中度”,所以就2016年的評價結(jié)果來說,水資源和土地資源的利用效率還可以進一步提高,農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值仍有提升空間。(5)根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境彈性度主題,由靈敏度分析結(jié)果可得,相對于多年6～9月降雨量,植被覆蓋率的靈敏度更高,其對示范區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境彈性度的影響更大,因此重視植被覆蓋率,更容易提高示范區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境彈性度,進而保障示范區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境健康發(fā)展。最后研討分析并適應(yīng)性調(diào)節(jié),基于綜合集成平臺快速組成決策評價應(yīng)對系統(tǒng),提高決策能力,全面具體的評價了榆陽區(qū)大紀汗村工程示范區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性,為示范區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,具有理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the overall economic system and the continuous overlapping of the fragile ecological areas and large range of human activities, the superposition characteristics of the ecological environment constitute one of the core issues in the previous world. Especially in the case of desertification, the significant degradation of the actual land is made up of the local natural environment. There is a significant negative impact on regional construction, and it has a negative impact on regional construction. According to the eighteenth and twenty-one provisions of the "People's Republic of China soil and water conservation law" revised in 2010, especially on how the ecological fragile areas are divided, it is urgent to study the fragility of the ecological environment and the implementation of the operable ecological fragile areas. As a whole, Maowusu sandy land covers the border areas of Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, which covers the southeast edge of maowu sand land in Shaanxi Yulin, covering Yuyang District, Shenmu county, Jingbian County, Hengshan county and Dingbian County, and opening up land renovation project in Yuyang district. The demonstration area has carried out a series of experiments and comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment vulnerability of the demonstration area. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the evaluation service based on the dynamic changes of the index system is elaborated through the application of the subject evaluation of the ecological environment in the engineering area. It decomposes it into a number of simple topics, and formalisms, structuralization, and simplification of complex problems. It not only can analyze the problems more thoroughly, but also can view the problems more thoroughly and dialectically, and strongly support the management decision. (2) the information processing means of the knowledge platform, the establishment of the data warehouse, the construction of service support platform, and the construction of the service support platform The component library, a variety of evaluation model methods are component-based, prepare the early work, carry out the corresponding evaluation work on the vulnerability problem of the demonstration area, explore the ecological environment restoration effect of the comprehensive project, and evaluate the ecological environment effect of the main projects after the renovation. After combing, the theme is clearly divided into sensitivity, pressure, elasticity and so on. Three major topics, through specific data, specific algorithms should be instantiated to get the specific level of ecological environment vulnerability. (3) according to the ecological environment sensitive topic evaluation results, the 2014 Yuyang district land renovation project demonstration area ecological environment sensitivity theme of the degree of subordinate rank of each grade is "moderate", "mild", "mild" "More severe," "severe", "moderate" with the largest degree of 0.36. as "mild", "mild", "moderate", "more severe" and "severe", respectively, are assigned a separate value of 5,4,3,2,1. The final result is that the 3.46. results in the ecological environment of the demonstration area are "relatively severe" and "moderate" in 2014. In contrast to "moderate", compared with the results of the 2011 evaluation, the quality of the ecological environment has declined. The newly added "good rate of air quality daily" is in a relatively severe level, and the demonstration area should take measures to control the emission of major air pollutants such as PM2.5. (4) according to the theme of the ecological environment pressure and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in 2014, The results of the evaluation are only slightly higher than the "mild", and the evaluation results of the comprehensive index method in 2011 are slightly lower than "moderate", so the utilization efficiency of water resources and land resources can be further improved in the 2016 evaluation results, and the total agricultural output value still has the lift space. (5) according to the theme of the ecological environment elasticity, the spirit is from the spirit. The sensitivity analysis results can be obtained that the sensitivity of vegetation coverage is higher than that of 6~9 months of years. It has greater impact on the ecological environment elasticity of the demonstration area. Therefore, it is more important to pay more attention to the vegetation coverage rate, to improve the ecological environment elasticity of the demonstration area, and to ensure the healthy development of the ecological environment in the demonstration area. Finally, the study and adaptation are discussed and adapted. On the basis of the integrated integration platform, the decision evaluation response system is quickly formed on the basis of the integrated integrated platform, and the decision-making ability is improved. The ecological environment vulnerability of the Yuyang grand Khan village project demonstration area is comprehensively and concretely evaluated. It is of theoretical guiding significance for the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the demonstration area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826

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