本文選題：博斯騰湖西岸 + 人工濕地　； 參考：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工濕地是為了處理污水,模仿天然濕地而建造的工程化的濕地除污系統(tǒng)。這種濕地通過人工設(shè)計(jì),在具有一定長(zhǎng)寬比的洼地中由礫石、土壤等材料組成混合的濕地床上種植植物。污水從濕地床體一端流進(jìn),經(jīng)過植物、微生物等的協(xié)同作用從另一端流出進(jìn)而達(dá)到除污效果。作為一類新型的污水處理技術(shù),與傳統(tǒng)的二級(jí)、三級(jí)等處理技術(shù)相比具有成本低、工藝設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、系統(tǒng)各要素配置可塑性強(qiáng)、高生態(tài)效應(yīng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此被廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)村、中小城市污水處理、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制及湖泊綜合治理。我國(guó)人工濕地多建于南方,且各地區(qū)人工濕地建設(shè)情況均不相同,本文以博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地為研究對(duì)象,探索了干旱區(qū)人工濕地在運(yùn)行過程存在的問題及污染去除效果等問題。博斯騰湖是第三紀(jì)末期新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)下形成的斷陷湖泊,作為蒙新湖區(qū)典型的內(nèi)陸淡水湖泊,近些年來隨著當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘拇笠?guī)模的增長(zhǎng)、工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)淡水資源進(jìn)行掠奪式的開發(fā)利用,使得入湖污染負(fù)荷增加并嚴(yán)重破壞了湖濱濕地、面臨著生態(tài)容量降低、水體礦化度增加、生物量減少,部分區(qū)域蘆葦已經(jīng)不能自然生長(zhǎng)等問題。為改善湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境,在各級(jí)政府的大力支持和幫助下及大量文獻(xiàn)閱讀和參觀實(shí)體人工濕地、反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)論證。由博斯騰湖縣金海育葦有限責(zé)任公司牽頭,新疆師范大學(xué)主動(dòng)參與理論研究并共同建設(shè)博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地。本文依托課題項(xiàng)目,2015年4~(-1)0月連續(xù)7個(gè)月在該人工濕地各期工程的進(jìn)水口、出水口進(jìn)行水樣采樣,對(duì)比分析人工濕地4~(-1)0月及沿程水體污染物的變化規(guī)律。2015年4月、6月、8月在人工濕地內(nèi)、外采集土壤樣品,對(duì)比分析人工濕地內(nèi)、外土壤鹽分、養(yǎng)分變化情況。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過對(duì)博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地水樣4~(-1)0月份及沿程不同樣點(diǎn)的監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,2015年4~(-1)0月人工濕地的進(jìn)、出水中TN、NH_3~-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N濃度平均消減量分別為7.94 mg·L~(-1)、4.85 mg·L~(-1)、1.19 mg·L~(-1)、0.61 mg·L~(-1)。進(jìn)水口,氮濃度在8月份最高,10月份最低;出水口,氮濃度在9月份出現(xiàn)最大值,6月份出現(xiàn)最小值。TN、NH_3~-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N濃度在進(jìn)、出水處均表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降。去除率分別為55.39%、62.96%、71.72%、74.10%,TN、NH_3~-N的去除率表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降趨勢(shì),NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N則表現(xiàn)為去除率呈現(xiàn)為先下降后上升再下降的態(tài)勢(shì)。人工濕地水體中NH_3~-N對(duì)TN的去除貢獻(xiàn)最高,貢獻(xiàn)率為61.16%。博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地對(duì)水體污染物去除效果顯著,水質(zhì)改善明顯。人工濕地進(jìn)水口到出水口的沿程變化中TN、NH_3~-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N濃度沿程逐漸降低,在人工濕地前端的消減量較大,平均消減量達(dá)到90%以上。(2)對(duì)博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地中磷濃度監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,2015年4-6月,進(jìn)出水口中TP濃度消減量為1.66 mg·L~(-1),去除率為67.36%。去除率最大值出現(xiàn)在7月,為91.6%,TP的去除率表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降的態(tài)勢(shì),去除效果較好。人工濕地沿程水體中TP濃度由1#到7#樣點(diǎn)逐漸降低。其中,1#-3#樣點(diǎn)濃度降幅最大,降幅為3.92 mg·L~(-1),消減貢獻(xiàn)率超過90%。(3)有機(jī)物以BOD_5和COD為代表,對(duì)博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地水體監(jiān)測(cè)顯示,2015年4-6月BOD_5和COD進(jìn)出水濃度平均消減量分別為3.79 mg·L~(-1)、22.34 mg·L~(-1),去除率分別為57.85%和40.12%,有機(jī)物去除率效果較差。沿程變化中BOD_5、COD濃度在1#-4#樣點(diǎn)變化趨勢(shì)相似,呈現(xiàn)緩慢下降態(tài)勢(shì),4#樣點(diǎn)之后BOD_5有小幅上升態(tài)勢(shì)。(4)對(duì)比人工濕地及對(duì)照組土壤養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)發(fā)現(xiàn)人工濕地和其對(duì)照組中土壤各養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)差異明顯,人工濕地中土壤養(yǎng)分高于對(duì)照組,各樣點(diǎn)顯示土壤養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較為豐富,其他養(yǎng)分含量較貧乏,說明人工濕地的運(yùn)行提高了土壤養(yǎng)分含量。土壤中鹽分含量變化表現(xiàn)為隨土層深度增加各鹽分離子含量不斷減少,呈現(xiàn)明顯的表聚型,其中陰離子以SO_4~(2-)為主,陽離子則以Na~++K~+含量最大。(5)運(yùn)用主成分分析法和相關(guān)分析法分析博斯騰湖西岸人工濕地水體和土壤主要污染主導(dǎo)因子,結(jié)果顯示,水體中主要污染因子為COD、NH_3~-N、NO_2~-N。土壤鹽分主導(dǎo)因子為SO_4~(2-)、Na~++K~+、HCO~(3-)。相關(guān)分析顯示,SO_4~(2-)與Na~++K~+呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,BOD_5和植物密度、水體溫度呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland is an engineered wetland decontamination system built to treat sewage and mimic natural wetlands. This wetland is artificially designed to plant plants in a mixed wetland bed with gravel, soil and other materials in a low-lying land with a certain length and width. Sewage flows from one end of the wetland bed, through plants, microbes and so on. As a new type of sewage treatment technology, as a new type of sewage treatment technology, compared with the traditional two grade and three grade treatment technology, it has the advantages of low cost, simple process equipment, high plasticity and high ecological effect, so it is widely used in rural areas, small and medium urban sewage treatment, agricultural non-point pollution. The construction of artificial wetland in China is different in the south, and the construction of artificial wetlands in various regions is different. In this paper, the problems in the operation process of artificial wetland in the arid area and the effect of pollution removal are explored in this paper. Bosten Lake is a new structure at the end of the third period. As a typical inland freshwater lake in the Mengxin Lake area, as a typical inland freshwater lake in the Mengxin Lake area, in recent years, with the large-scale growth of the local population, the development of industry and agriculture, the exploitation and utilization of fresh water resources make the pollution load of the lake increase and seriously destroy the Lakeside wetland, and the ecological capacity is reduced and the water body is reduced. In order to improve the ecological environment of the lake, in order to improve the ecological environment of the lake, with the support and help of the governments at all levels, a large number of literature reading and visiting the solid constructed wetland have been proved repeatedly. It is led by the Jinhai reed limited liability company of Bosten Lake County, and the master of Xinjiang Normal University. The research and construction of artificial wetland in the West Bank of Bosten Lake. This paper is based on the project. In 2015 4~ (-1) 0 months, the water sample was sampled at the inlet of the constructed wetland and the outlet of the constructed wetland for 7 months. The changes of the 0 month and the water body pollutants in the artificial wetland 4~ (-1) were compared and analyzed in April, June and August. In the wetland, the soil samples were collected, and the changes of soil salt and nutrients in the artificial wetland were compared and analyzed. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) through the monitoring results of 4~ (-1) in the West Bank of Bosten Lake in 0 months and the different points along the path, the concentration of TN, NH_3~-N, NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N in the effluent of 2015 4~ (-1) 0 months The average attenuation was 7.94 mg. L~ (-1), 4.85 mg. L~ (-1), 1.19 mg. L~ (-1), 0.61 mg. L~ (-1). The nitrogen concentration was the highest in August and the lowest in October; the concentration of nitrogen appeared in September and the minimum value appeared in June. The removal rates of 55.39%, 62.96%, 71.72%, 74.10%, TN, and NH_3~-N were first increased and then descended, while NO_3~--N and NO_2~--N showed that the removal rate was first descended and then decreased. The contribution of NH_3~-N to TN was the highest in the artificial wetland water, and the contribution rate was the water pollution of the artificial wetland on the West Bank of Bosten Lake in 61.16%.. TN, NH_3~-N, NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N concentration decreased gradually along the range of the inlet of the constructed wetland to the outlet, and the decrease in the front-end of the constructed wetland was more than 90%. (2) the monitoring results of phosphorus concentration in the artificial wetland on the West Bank of Bosten Lake showed that 4-6 months of 2015, The elimination rate of TP concentration in the inlet and outlet is 1.66 mg. L~ (-1). The maximum removal rate of 67.36%. removal rate appears in July, which is 91.6%. The removal rate of TP is shown to rise first and then descend, and the removal effect is better. The concentration of TP in the artificial wetland is gradually reduced from 1# to 7# samples. Among them, the 1#-3# sample point concentration is the largest and the decline is 3.92 mg. L~ (-1), the reduction contribution rate is more than 90%. (3) of organic matter represented by BOD_5 and COD. The monitoring of water body in the West Bank of Bosten Lake shows that the average elimination of BOD_5 and COD in 2015 is 3.79 mg. L~ (-1), 22.34 mg and 40.12% respectively. The removal rate of organic matter is 57.85% and 40.12%, and the removal efficiency of organic matter is poor. OD_5, COD concentration was similar in the 1#-4# sample point, and showed a slow downward trend. After 4# sample, BOD_5 had a small upward trend. (4) compared with artificial wetland and control group, the soil nutrient indexes of artificial wetland and its control group were obviously different. The soil nutrients in artificial wet land were higher than those of control group, and the soil nutrients were higher than those in the control group. The content of organic matter in the nutrient index is more abundant and the other nutrient content is poor, which indicates that the operation of the artificial wetland improves the soil nutrient content. The change of the salt content in the soil shows that the content of the salt ions in the soil decreases continuously with the depth of the soil layer, and shows the apparent aggregation type. The main anions in the soil are SO_4~ (2-), and the cation is Na~++K~+ (5) principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the main pollution leading factors of water and soil in the West Bank of Bosten Lake. The results showed that the main pollution factors in the water body were COD, NH_3~-N, NO_2~-N., SO_4~ (2-), Na~ ++K~+, HCO~ (3-). The correlation analysis showed that SO_4~ (2-) was presented with Na~++K~+. There was a significant positive correlation between BOD_5 and plant density, and there was a significant positive correlation between water temperature and water temperature.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張毓媛;曹晨亮;任麗君;田爽;李寧;安樹青;冷欣;;不同基質(zhì)組合及水力停留時(shí)間下垂直流人工濕地的除污效果[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年02期

2 巴雅爾;郭家盛;盧少勇;許秋瑾;胡小貞;;博斯騰湖大湖湖區(qū)近20年生態(tài)健康狀況評(píng)價(jià)[J];中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué);2013年03期

3 曹笑笑;呂憲國(guó);張仲勝;鄒元春;孫廣智;;人工濕地設(shè)計(jì)研究進(jìn)展[J];濕地科學(xué);2013年01期

4 李誠(chéng);鄒長(zhǎng)武;王小琴;邢馨云;田筱;;成都地區(qū)不同人工濕地脫氮除磷效果研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)村水利水電;2013年02期

5 黃有志;劉永軍;熊家晴;王曉昌;;北方地區(qū)表流人工濕地冬季污水脫氮效果及微生物分布分析[J];水處理技術(shù);2013年01期

6 毛吉旦木·地力夏提;王勇輝;海米提·依米提;;博、精河下游河岸帶土壤速效養(yǎng)分空間異質(zhì)性分析[J];水土保持研究;2012年06期

7 陳永華;吳曉芙;郝君;柳俊;;人工濕地植物應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與問題分析[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2011年31期

8 謝貴娟;張建平;湯祥明;蔡永萍;高光;;博斯騰湖水質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀(2010-2011年)及近50年來演變趨勢(shì)[J];湖泊科學(xué);2011年06期

9 譚茂蘭;方榮杰;;表面流人工濕地控制農(nóng)田排水污染物的作用[J];水利科技與經(jīng)濟(jì);2011年01期

10 柳文麗;;人工濕地在中國(guó)的研究進(jìn)展[J];四川環(huán)境;2010年05期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 蔡佩英;馬祥慶;;人工濕地污水處理技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[A];科學(xué)規(guī)劃與用水安全——福建省科協(xié)第六屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)水利分會(huì)論文集[C];2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 阿依努爾·提力瓦力迪;博爾塔拉河流域土壤鹽分空間變異性及其影響因素研究[D];新疆大學(xué);2013年

2 張洪剛;人工濕地及濕地植物對(duì)生活污水凈化效果的研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2006年

，

本文編號(hào)：1866357