本文選題：草魚 + 鯉魚��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以草魚(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和鯉魚(Cyprinus carpio)為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,以曝氣自來水為水體,在水溫(27.5±0.5)℃的條件下,探討水體中錳(Manganese)暴露對(duì)草魚和鯉魚氧化損傷及抗氧化能力的影響。本實(shí)驗(yàn)由兩部分組成。第一部分為錳暴露急性毒理實(shí)驗(yàn):該實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定了水體中二價(jià)錳對(duì)草魚和鯉魚的96 h半致死濃度(96 h LC50)。第二部分為錳暴露亞急性毒理實(shí)驗(yàn):根據(jù)急性毒理實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定的96 h LC50,將草魚和鯉魚暴露于不同錳離子濃度(0、30、60、120、240 mg/L)的水體中,30 d后測(cè)定了草魚和鯉魚肝臟、鰓、消化道和腎臟中的總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平,同時(shí)測(cè)定了草魚和鯉魚肝臟、鰓、消化道過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和腦組織中乙酰膽堿酯酶(AChE)的活性,以及草魚和鯉魚肝臟、鰓、消化道、腎臟和腦中總蛋白(TP)的含量。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在錳暴露急性毒理實(shí)驗(yàn)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)草魚和鯉魚的死亡率隨著水體中錳濃度的增加而升高,測(cè)得二價(jià)錳對(duì)草魚、鯉魚96 h半致死濃度(96 h LC50)分別為541.07 mg/L和577.27 mg/L。(2)錳暴露對(duì)草魚和鯉魚肝臟的影響。(1)在不同錳濃度水體中暴露30 d后,在草魚和鯉魚的肝臟內(nèi),其丙二醛(MDA)的含量隨著錳濃度的升高而升高,經(jīng)過線性回歸分析,得出了濃度-效應(yīng)關(guān)系。在所有處理組中草魚肝臟丙二醛(MDA)的含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組(p0.05)。鯉魚肝臟丙二醛(MDA)的含量除30 mg/L組外,其余各組肝臟丙二醛(MDA)的含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組(p0.05)。(2)在不同錳濃度水體中暴露30 d后,草魚和鯉魚肝臟總抗氧化能力水平(T-AOC)隨著濃度的增加均表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。其中草魚肝臟總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在60 mg/L濃度組時(shí)達(dá)到最大,但與對(duì)照組無顯著差異,在240 mg/L時(shí)總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平最低,并且顯著低于60 mg/L濃度組(p0.05),但與對(duì)照組和其他濃度組均無顯著差異。鯉魚肝臟總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在60 mg/L濃度組時(shí)達(dá)到最大并且與對(duì)照組和其他濃度組均有顯著差異(p0.05)。(3)在不同錳濃度水體中暴露30 d后,草魚和鯉魚肝臟過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性隨著濃度的增加呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。其中草魚肝臟過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性在60 mg/L濃度組時(shí)達(dá)到最大并且與對(duì)照組和其他濃度組均有顯著差異(p0.05)。鯉魚肝臟過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性在60 mg/L濃度組時(shí)達(dá)到最高,與對(duì)照組和30mg/L濃度組均無顯著差異,但與其他濃度組均具有顯著差異(p0.05)。(3)錳暴露對(duì)草魚、鯉魚腮和消化道的影響。水體中不同濃度錳暴露30 d后,草魚、鯉魚鰓和消化道MDA含量、T-AOC水平、CAT活性隨著水體中錳暴露濃度增加的變化趨勢(shì)與在草魚、鯉魚肝臟中的變化相似。在各處理組中,草魚鰓MDA含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組的含量(p0.05);草魚消化道中MDA含量除了30 mg/L濃度組與對(duì)照組無顯著差異外,其他濃度組與對(duì)照組均具有顯著差異(p0.05)。鯉魚鰓MDA含量上升趨勢(shì)較為緩慢,除30 mg/L濃度組外,其他濃度組與對(duì)照組均具有顯著差異(p0.05);鯉魚消化道中MDA含量在各濃度組中均顯著高于對(duì)照組(p0.05)。草魚、鯉魚鰓和消化道中T-AOC水平在60 mg/L濃度組為最高,在此處為分界線,小于此濃度為上升趨勢(shì),大于此濃度為下降趨勢(shì)。草魚、鯉魚CAT活性變化和T-AOC水平的變化相似,在60 mg/L濃度組時(shí)活性最高,且顯著高于對(duì)照組(p0.05)。(4)錳暴露對(duì)草魚和鯉魚腦乙酰膽堿酯酶(AChE)的影響。草魚和鯉魚腦組織中ACh E活性隨著濃度的增加均出現(xiàn)下降的趨勢(shì),其中草魚腦中AChE活性在低濃度中下降較為迅速,而在高濃度中下降較為緩慢,在240 mg/L濃度中AChE的活性與120 mg/L濃度中的活性無顯著差異。在鯉魚腦中ACh E活性下降一直較為緩慢,只有在240 mg/L濃度中AChE的活性與對(duì)照組有顯著差異。通過討論得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過文獻(xiàn)資料的查閱和急性實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,表明水體中錳暴露對(duì)于草魚和鯉魚的毒性均為中毒性。(2)草魚和鯉魚肝臟、鰓、消化道中MDA含量和水體中錳的濃度經(jīng)過回歸分析,呈現(xiàn)出線性關(guān)系,提示可以用MDA含量作為一項(xiàng)生物指標(biāo)來指示水體中重金屬污染物的污染程度。草魚和鯉魚腦組織中AChE對(duì)于水體中錳濃度較為敏感,隨著濃度的升高出現(xiàn)下降的趨勢(shì),也可考慮作為一項(xiàng)生物指標(biāo)來指示水體中重金屬污染物的污染程度。(3)草魚和鯉魚各個(gè)組織中T-AOC水平波動(dòng)較小,而抗氧化酶系中的酶活性波動(dòng)較大,同種濃度的錳污染對(duì)于不同組織中同種酶的活性影響也不相同。(4)水體中錳暴露30 d后,草魚和鯉魚體內(nèi)MDA含量呈現(xiàn)濃度-效應(yīng)關(guān)系,T-AOC水平、CAT活性均出現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),在低濃度時(shí)呈現(xiàn)出誘導(dǎo)作用,而在高濃度時(shí)抗氧化防御體系動(dòng)態(tài)平衡被打破,出現(xiàn)抑制作用。(5)在水體中錳濃度相同暴露時(shí)間相同的條件下,草魚肝臟、鰓、消化道氧化損傷程度大小順序?yàn)?肝臟消化道鰓,抗氧化能力大小順序?yàn)?鰓肝臟腎臟消化道,而鯉魚肝臟、鰓、消化道氧化損傷程度大小順序?yàn)?消化道肝臟鰓,抗氧化能力大小順序?yàn)?肝臟消化道鰓腎臟。出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因可能是不同種魚對(duì)于同種重金屬污染物毒性的耐受性不同;同種魚組織的特異性造成不同組織抗氧化能力的不同。
[Abstract]:In this study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used to study the effects of manganese (Manganese) exposure on oxidation damage and antioxidant capacity of grass carp and carp under the condition of water temperature (27.5 + 0.5). The experiment of sexual toxicology: the experiment measured the 96 h semi lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of manganese in grass carp and carp in the water body. The second part was the subacute toxicity test of manganese exposure. According to the 96 h LC50 measured by the acute toxicological test, the grass carp and carp were exposed to the water of different manganese ion concentration (0,30,60120240 mg/L), and the grass carp was measured after 30 d. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level in liver, gills, digestive tract and kidney of carp, and the activity of grass carp and carp liver, gill, digestive tract catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain tissue, and the contents of total protein (TP) in the liver of grass carp and carp, gills, digestive tract, kidney and brain. The main results are as follows: (1) in the acute toxicological experiment of manganese exposure, the mortality of grass carp and carp increased with the increase of manganese concentration in the water body, and the effects of two valence manganese on grass carp and carp 96 h semi lethal concentration (96 h LC50) were 541.07 mg/L and 577.27 mg/L. (2) exposed to the liver of grass carp and carp respectively. (1) in different manganese After exposure to 30 d in the concentration water body, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of grass carp and carp increased with the increase of manganese concentration. After linear regression analysis, the concentration effect relationship was obtained. In all treatment groups, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of grass carp was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in carp liver (MDA) The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver of all the other groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). (2) after exposure to 30 d in different manganese concentrations, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of grass carp and carp increased with the increase of the concentration, and the total antioxidant capacity of grass carp liver (T-AOC) was at 60 mg/ The L concentration group reached the maximum, but had no significant difference with the control group. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level was the lowest at 240 mg/L, and was significantly lower than the 60 mg/L concentration group (P0.05), but no significant difference was found between the control group and the other concentration groups. The total antioxidant capacity of carp liver (T-AOC) reached the maximum in the 60 mg/L concentration group and was the same as that of the control group and the control group. There were significant differences in the concentration group (P0.05). (3) after exposure to 30 d in different manganese concentrations, the activity of grass carp and carp liver catalase (CAT) increased first and then decreased with the increase of concentration. The activity of grass carp liver catalase (CAT) reached the maximum in the 60 mg/ L concentration group and was with the control group and other concentration groups. There were significant differences (P0.05). The activity of carp liver catalase (CAT) reached the highest in the 60 mg/L concentration group, and there was no significant difference between the control group and the 30mg/L concentration group. (3) the effects of manganese exposure on grass carp, carp gills and digestive tract. After 30 d of manganese exposure at different concentrations in water, grass carp, carp The MDA content, T-AOC level and CAT activity of the gill and digestive tract were similar to that in the liver of grass carp and carp. In each treatment group, the MDA content of the gill of grass carp was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05); there was no significant difference between the MDA content in the grass carp digestive tract except the 30 mg/L concentration group and the control group. There were significant differences between the other concentration groups and the control group (P0.05). The MDA content of carp gills increased slowly. Except for 30 mg/L concentration group, the other concentration groups were significantly different from the control group (P0.05), and the MDA content in the digestive tract of carp was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). Grass carp, carp gills and the T-AOC water in the digestive tract were also significantly higher than those in the control group. The 60 mg/L concentration group was the highest, where the concentration was lower than that of this concentration. The change of CAT activity in grass carp and carp was similar to that of T-AOC level, and the activity was highest in the 60 mg/L concentration group, and was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). (4) manganese exposure to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the brain of carp and carp. The activity of ACh E in the brain tissue of grass carp and carp decreased with the increase of concentration, in which the activity of AChE in the grass carp brain decreased rapidly in the low concentration and decreased slowly in the high concentration, and there was no significant difference between the activity of AChE and the activity of 120 mg/L in the concentration of 240 mg/L. The activity of ACh E in the brain of carp. The decrease has been relatively slow, only the activity of AChE in the 240 mg/L concentration was significantly different from that of the control group. Through the discussion, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the toxicity of manganese exposure in water to grass carp and carp were all medium toxicity through literature review and acute experimental data. (2) the liver of grass carp and carp, gills, and MDA in the digestive tract The concentration of manganese in the volume and water body has a linear relationship with the regression analysis. It suggests that the content of MDA can be used as a biological indicator to indicate the pollution degree of heavy metals in the water body. The AChE in grass carp and carp brain tissue is more sensitive to the concentration of manganese in the water body, and can be considered as a decrease with the increase of concentration. A biological indicator to indicate the pollution degree of heavy metal pollutants in the water body. (3) the T-AOC level fluctuates slightly in the tissues of grass carp and carp, while the activity of enzymes in the antioxidant enzymes fluctuates greatly, and the manganese pollution at the same concentration has different effects on the activity of the same enzymes in different tissues. (4) after 30 d exposure to manganese in the water body, grass carp and carp The content of MDA in the body showed a concentration effect relationship, the T-AOC level, the CAT activity increased first and then decreased, and showed an induction at low concentration, while the dynamic balance of the antioxidant defense system was broken at the high concentration. (5) under the same exposure time of the manganese concentration in the water, the liver, gill, and the liver of grass carp were in the same condition. The order of oxidation damage in the liver, liver, gill and digestive tract of carp, the order of oxidative damage in the liver, gill and digestive tract of carp is the order of the liver gill of the digestive tract, the order of the antioxidant capacity of the liver, the order of the antioxidant capacity is the livers and the gill kidneys. The reasons for this situation may be different species. The tolerance of fish to the same heavy metal pollutants is different; the specificity of the same fish tissue causes different antioxidant capacity of different tissues.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X171.5

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