本文選題：杭埠河 + 重金屬��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：杭埠河是巢湖最大的入湖支流(占總徑流量的65%),其水環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況一直飽受各方關(guān)注。本研究通過對(duì)杭埠河流域沉積物和雙殼貝類背角無齒蚌(Anodonta woodiana)中重金屬含量進(jìn)行分析測(cè)定,探究重金屬Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg在杭埠河水環(huán)境中的生物地球化學(xué)行為,并重點(diǎn)關(guān)注汞和甲基汞在背角無齒蚌中的污染特征及其生物富集效應(yīng),利用單項(xiàng)污染指數(shù)法、地積累指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)重金屬在杭埠河流域的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究結(jié)果表明：杭埠河冬季枯水期部分河段水質(zhì)氮、磷超標(biāo),沉積物中的總氮和總磷含量也在某些河段超過了最低安全級(jí)別。杭埠河沉積物中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg均值含量分別為64.5 mg/kg,21.4 mg/kg,89.1 mg/kg,0.152 mg/kg,30.6 mg/kg,7.16 mg/kg和0.065 mg/kg,以背景值作為參照,沉積物重金屬污染爆發(fā)頻次相對(duì)較高的是Zn、Cd、Pb,表明近年來流域內(nèi)的人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)加劇了這三種重金屬向水環(huán)境的排放。沉積物中Cr濃度含量雖然低于自然背景值,但也超過了閾值效應(yīng)含量TEC的限定并表現(xiàn)出較高的的污染響應(yīng)。杭埠河背角無齒蚌中Cr、Cu、zn、Cd、Pb、As和Hg均值含量分別為80.4mg/kg,5.2 mg/kg,412.9 mg/kg,0.339 mg/kg,0.43 mg/kg,8.9 mg/kg和0.134mg/kg,其中Zn、Cd和Hg的生物-沉積物積累因子BSAF均值分別為5.43、2.71和2.82,表現(xiàn)出明顯的生物富集,而背角無齒蚌對(duì)Cr、Cu、Pb和As的富集則相對(duì)較弱,其生物體內(nèi)重金屬濃度含量基本接近或者低于對(duì)應(yīng)沉積物中重金屬的含量。背角無齒蚌體內(nèi)重金屬含量與對(duì)應(yīng)沉積物中重金屬的含量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān),其相關(guān)系數(shù)高低排序?yàn)椋篐gCdZnCrCuAsPb。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),背角無齒蚌對(duì)汞和甲基汞均有較高的富集,兩者含量分別為101.34-171.15μg/kg：干重)和54.22～89.63 μg/kg(干重),均符合GB18406.4-2001中汞的限量要求。背角無齒蚌各部分組織對(duì)汞的積累具有明顯的選擇性,具體表現(xiàn)為外套膜中汞濃度最高,內(nèi)臟次之,腮和肌肉較低。貝類重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,背角無齒蚌體內(nèi)重金屬含量與對(duì)應(yīng)沉積物中重金屬含量相關(guān)性良好,其中Cr、Zn、Pb和Cd在軟組織中的含量超過了貝類安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的限定。除元素Pb外,背角無齒蚌體內(nèi)Cr、Zn和Cd反映的貝類污染水平與沉積物中重金屬污染趨勢(shì)基本保持-致,表明背角無齒蚌可作為淡水環(huán)境重金屬污染監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)警的優(yōu)良指示生物。杭埠河沉積物的TOC含量與重金屬Cu、Zn、Cd和Hg的含量表現(xiàn)出良好的正相關(guān)性,而Cr、Pb、As則與TOC含量分布表現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān)性,表明重金屬污染可能來自于混合污染源。重金屬污染源解析結(jié)果表明,杭埠河流域重金屬污染主要受農(nóng)村面源污染(52%)、航運(yùn)污染(16%)和工業(yè)污染(14%)的影響。故應(yīng)強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染治理過程中對(duì)重金屬輸入負(fù)荷的調(diào)控,減少船舶運(yùn)輸過程中的燃油污染排放,同時(shí)加大對(duì)相關(guān)涉污企業(yè)的監(jiān)管力度,并通過對(duì)貝類所在的底棲生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行優(yōu)先修復(fù)和多樣性重構(gòu)來增加和提升流域水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境容量和自凈能力。
[Abstract]:The Hangzhou port river is the largest tributary of Chaohu (65% of the total runoff), and its water environmental quality has been paid much attention by all sides. The heavy metal content of heavy metals in the sediments and Anodonta woodiana of the double shell shellfish (Anodonta woodiana) in Hangzhou port river basin was analyzed, and the heavy metal Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Hg were investigated in the river environment of Hangzhou port. The pollution characteristics of mercury and methylmercury in the non toothed mussels of the back angle and their bioaccumulation effect are focused on. The ecological risk of heavy metals in the Hangzhou port river basin is evaluated by the method of single pollution index and the index method of ground accumulation. The results show that the water quality nitrogen and phosphorus exceed the standard in the dry period of the winter season in the hang Bu river. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the sediments also exceeded the minimum safety level in some river sections. The contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in the sediments of the Hangzhou River were 64.5 mg/kg, 21.4 mg/kg, 89.1 mg/kg, 0.152 mg/kg, 30.6 mg/kg, 7.16 and 0.065, with the background value as reference, and the heavy metal pollution eruptions were relatively high in the sediments. It is Zn, Cd, Pb, indicating that in recent years human production activities in the basin have intensified the emission of these three heavy metals to the water environment. Although the concentration of Cr in the sediments is lower than the natural background value, it also exceeds the limit of the threshold effect content TEC and shows a higher pollution response. The Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg mean of the oyster on the back corner of the Hangzhou River The contents are 80.4mg/kg, 5.2 mg/kg, 412.9 mg/kg, 0.339 mg/kg, 0.43 mg/kg, 8.9 mg/kg and 0.134mg/kg. The BSAF mean of Zn, Cd and Hg is 5.43,2.71 and 2.82, respectively. The content of heavy metals in the body of mussels on the back angle showed significant positive correlation with the content of heavy metals in the corresponding sediments. The correlation coefficient of the heavy metals was ranked as: HgCdZnCrCuAsPb. further study found that the content of mercury and methyl mercury in the back angle mussels had high enrichment. 101.34-171.15 mu g/kg: dry weight) and 54.22 ~ 89.63 mu g/kg (dry weight) were all in accordance with the limit of mercury in GB18406.4-2001. The accumulation of mercury in various parts of the back angle mussels was obviously selective. The specific performance was that the concentration of mercury in the mantle was the highest, the viscera was second, and the gills and muscles were low. The evaluation results of heavy metal pollution in shellfish showed that the heavy metal pollution of shellfish was shown. Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd in soft tissues are more than the limit of shellfish safety standards. In addition to element Pb, the pollution levels of shellfish in Cr, Zn and Cd in mussels in the back angle of mussels and the heavy metal pollution in sediments are basically maintained. The TOC content in the sediments of the hang port river has a good positive correlation with the content of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg, while Cr, Pb and As are negatively correlated with the distribution of TOC content, indicating that heavy metal pollution may come from a mixed source of heavy metals. The analysis results of pollution sources indicate that the heavy metal pollution in the hang port river basin is mainly affected by rural non-point source pollution (52%), shipping pollution (16%) and industrial pollution (14%). Therefore, the control of heavy metal input load should be strengthened during the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution, and the fuel pollution discharge in the process of ship transportation should be reduced, and the related pollution related enterprises should be increased. In order to increase and enhance the environmental capacity and self purification capacity of the water ecosystem in the basin, the supervision of the industry is strengthened and the ecological environment of the shellfish is rebuilt by priority restoration and diversity reconstruction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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