發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 21:17

  本文選題：全氟化合物 + 前體物�。� 參考：《曲阜師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：全氟化合物(PFCs)作為一種新型持久性有機污染物,由于其在環(huán)境中的廣泛存在和特殊的理化性質(zhì),受到了環(huán)境科學界廣泛的關(guān)注,它在環(huán)境中具有極高的穩(wěn)定性,并且對生物具有危害性。本文使用固相萃取(SPE)與高效液相色譜串聯(lián)串聯(lián)二級質(zhì)譜儀(HPLC-MS/MS)結(jié)合的分析方法,調(diào)查了青島市不同水體環(huán)境中(城市內(nèi)河、郊區(qū)河流、膠州灣、污水處理廠排水)15種全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)和3種前體物的濃度水平及時空分布規(guī)律,并通過樣品的氧化處理,探究水體中前體物對PFAAs污染的貢獻率,最后對PFCs的生態(tài)風險評估進行評估,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)青島市不同水體中普遍存在PFCs污染,所有調(diào)查水體中∑PFCs的濃度為3.23-120.65 ng/L,平均40.02 ng/L。三種水體介質(zhì)中,河流的污染程度較低,∑PFCs的濃度平均為24.75 ng/L,膠州灣中∑PFCs的濃度平均值為45.54 ng/L,污水處理廠排水中PFCs的濃度最高,∑PFCs的濃度平均值為83.53 ng/L。PFOS、PFOA、PFHxS、PFHxA、PFNA是濃度水平較高的污染物。(2)在空間分布上,PFCs的濃度總體上呈現(xiàn)出污水廠膠州灣海泊河白沙河大沽河的分布趨勢,并且河流的污染程度自上游至下游呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增加的趨勢。城市生活污水、工業(yè)廢水以及污水處理廠排水是環(huán)境中PFCs的重要污染源。(3)在時間分布上,青島市不同水體中PFCs具有明顯的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,4月、8月、11月所有水體樣品中PFAAs的總濃度平均值分別為38.58 ng/L、43.61ng/L、37.86 ng/L,8月份PFAAs的濃度顯著高于4月和11月。(4)盡管前體物在水體中的檢出率和濃度較低,但是其在環(huán)境中是廣泛存在的,并且具有轉(zhuǎn)化為PFAAs的潛能,水體樣品氧化處理后PFCAs的濃度顯著增加,污水處理廠排水中PFCAs的增加量最高,然而其增加率卻相對較低,這可能是由于污水處理過程中前體物的降解轉(zhuǎn)化造成的。(5)PFOS對水生生物存在較高的生態(tài)風險,PFBA、PFPeA、PFHxA、PFOA、PFBS對水生生物的尚不構(gòu)成風險�？紤]到PFCs的生物累積性、食物鏈放大效應,以及環(huán)境中潛在的前體物,應重視PFCs的生態(tài)風險。
[Abstract]:As a new type of persistent organic pollutant, perfluorocarbon (PFCs) has been widely concerned by the environmental science because of its extensive existence in the environment and special physical and chemical properties, and it has very high stability in the environment. And it is harmful to living things. In this paper, the method of solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem secondary mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS / MS) was used to investigate different water environment (urban inland river, suburban river, Jiaozhou Bay) in Qingdao. The concentration and temporal and spatial distribution of 15 kinds of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAAs) and 3 precursors in wastewater treatment plant were studied. The contribution of precursors to PFAAs pollution was investigated by oxidation of samples. Finally, the ecological risk assessment of PFCs was evaluated. The main results were as follows: (1) PFCs pollution was prevalent in different water bodies in Qingdao. 鈭，

本文編號：1840124