本文選題：霧霾 + PM2.5　； 參考：《上海師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文采集了上海市霧霾期間大氣顆粒物樣品共95份,用離子色譜法分析了霧霾季節(jié)上海市大氣顆粒物PM2.5中水溶性離子的化學組分和各離子在不同粒徑中的分布特征;用TOC法分析了霧霾季節(jié)上海市大氣顆粒物PM2.5中水溶性有機碳和無機碳的質量濃度和碳在不同粒徑中的分布特征。用SPSS軟件對數據進行主因子分析,解析了上海市大氣顆粒物中各離子和碳的來源。采樣點為上海師范大學徐匯校區(qū),采樣的月份為2015年的12月,2016年1、2和3月份,通過數據分析可以得的結論如下:(1)對PM2.5中陰陽離子進行離子平衡分析,12月、1月、2月和3月這4個月份陰陽離子的相關性較好,相關系數在0.94~0.95之間,陰陽離子平衡性良好。陰陽離子的月平均摩爾濃度比在0.9675~1.52之間,水溶性離子整體上呈現偏酸性或弱堿性。(2)NO_3~-的質量濃度為12.63μg/m3,占PM2.5離子的總質量的百分比最高,上海市大氣顆粒物PM2.5最主要的污染物是NO_3~-。排在第二位的是SO_4~(2-),質量濃度為8.52μg/m3,所占最高的比例高達26.42%。所占總離子質量分數百分比排在第三位是的是NH4+,質量濃度為6.79μg/m3,其在2月份最高,為22.75%。上海市大氣顆粒物PM2.5中質量濃度大小關系為:NO_3~-SO_4~(2-)NH4+。(3)采樣的月份中,12月份和1月份各離子濃度最高,表明這兩個月的的污染最嚴重,三月份的離子濃度水平最低,表明污染程度最輕。2月份介于1月份和2月份之間,污染程度水平也是介于兩者之間,這種濃度水平分布現象和我國每年的霧霾污染最嚴重的時間一致的,12月份和1月份污染最嚴重。(4)上海市大氣顆粒物平均總離子質量濃度主要集中在細顆粒物中,最主要集中0.4~1.1μm之間。(5)上海市大氣顆粒物PM2.5中水溶性離子NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-)的比值遠高于其他城市,移動源對上海大氣顆粒物PM2.5中水溶性離子的貢獻比例最大,主要的移動源有汽車尾氣排放,二次污染物,道路塵和建筑塵。機動車尾氣、燃煤排放、生物質燃燒以及道路塵,其中機動車尾氣貢獻占主導。(6)霧霾季節(jié)上海市大氣顆粒物中OC在細顆粒物中的總質量濃度均稍高于在粗顆粒物中的總質量濃度,12月份大氣顆粒物中的IC也有類似的分布規(guī)律特征,IC在細顆粒物中總質量濃度稍高于在粗顆粒物中總質量濃度;而在2、3月份大氣顆粒物中的IC卻有相反的分布規(guī)律特征,IC在細顆粒物中總質量濃度稍低于在粗顆粒物中總質量濃度;在1月份上海市大氣顆粒物中的IC因為在各粒徑段均勻的分布,所以IC在細顆粒物中總質量濃度約等于在粗顆粒物中總質量濃度。(7)PM2.5中OC與HCOO-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、BrO_3~-、NH4+和K+這6種離子的來源有很大的關聯。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 95 samples of atmospheric particulates during haze in Shanghai were collected. The chemical composition of water soluble ions in the atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and the distribution characteristics of the ions in different particle sizes were analyzed by ion chromatography. The water soluble organic carbon in the atmospheric particles in Shanghai City, Shanghai, was analyzed by TOC. The mass concentration of inorganic carbon and the distribution characteristics of carbon in different particle sizes. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, and the sources of ions and carbon in the atmospheric particles in Shanghai were analyzed. The sampling point was the Xuhui campus of the Shanghai Normal University. The month of sampling was December in 2015, and in 2016 1,2 and March. The data can be obtained by data analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the ion balance analysis of yin and Yang in PM2.5, in December, January, February and March, the correlation of yin and yang ions is better, the correlation coefficient is between 0.94~0.95, and the balance of yin and yang ions is good. The monthly mean molar concentration ratio of Yin and yang ions is between 0.9675~ 1.52 and water soluble ions appear to be acidic or weak on the whole. (2) the mass concentration of NO_3~- is 12.63 mu g/m3 and the percentage of the total mass of PM2.5 ions is the highest. The main pollutant of Shanghai atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5 is NO_3~-. in second place SO_4~ (2-), the mass concentration is 8.52 mu g/m3, and the highest proportion of the total amount of total ion mass fraction of 26.42%. is third. NH4+, the mass concentration is 6.79 mu g/m3, which is the highest in February. The mass concentration in the atmospheric particulate PM2.5 of 22.75%. Shanghai city is the relation of the mass concentration in the month of NO_3~-SO_4~ (2-) NH4+. (3), the highest concentration of each ion in December and January, indicating that the two months of pollution is the most serious, the level of the ion concentration in March is the lowest, indicating the degree of pollution. The lowest.2 month is between January and February, and the level of pollution is also between the two. This concentration level distribution is in accordance with the most serious time of haze pollution in China, and the most serious pollution in December and January. (4) the average total ionic mass concentration of atmospheric particulates in Shanghai is mainly concentrated in fine particles. The main concentration of 0.4~1.1 mu m. (5) the ratio of water soluble ion NO_3~-/SO_4~ (2-) in Shanghai atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) is far higher than that of other cities. The contribution of mobile sources to the water soluble ions in the particulate matter of Shanghai is the largest. The main sources are vehicle exhaust, two pollutants, road dust and building dust. Motor vehicle exhaust, Coal emission, biomass combustion and road dust, among which motor vehicle exhaust contribution is dominant. (6) the total mass concentration of OC in fine particulate matter in Shanghai atmosphere particles is slightly higher than the total mass concentration in coarse particles in haze season. In December, the IC in atmospheric particulates also had similar distribution characteristics, and IC was in the fine particles. The mass concentration is slightly higher than the total mass concentration in the coarse particles, while the IC in the atmospheric particles in the month of 2,3 has the opposite distribution characteristics, and the total mass concentration of IC in fine particles is slightly lower than the total mass concentration in the coarse particles. In January, the IC in the atmospheric particles in Shanghai city was evenly distributed in the particle sizes, so IC was fine. The total mass concentration in the particles is approximately equal to the total mass concentration in the coarse particles. (7) OC in PM2.5 has a great relationship with the sources of the 6 ions, such as HCOO-, NO_3~-, SO_4~ (2-), BrO_3~-, NH4+ and K+.

【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513

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