發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 03:09

  本文選題：中國(guó)東部 + 氣溶膠直接輻射效應(yīng)��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：云和氣溶膠是地氣系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分,對(duì)地氣系統(tǒng)的輻射收支有重要作用。氣溶膠通過(guò)直接和間接效應(yīng)在地氣系統(tǒng)的輻射收支、全球氣候變化、大氣穩(wěn)定度和區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量方面起著不容忽視的作用。云則是可以通過(guò)輻射、潛熱和對(duì)流強(qiáng)迫三種機(jī)制影響氣候并直接參與全球水循環(huán)。中國(guó)東部位于亞洲主要的季風(fēng)區(qū),氣溶膠分布擴(kuò)散、云和降水天氣和氣候等都會(huì)受到季風(fēng)環(huán)流的影響。近幾十年來(lái),中國(guó)東部經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,頻繁的工業(yè)活動(dòng)排放了大量的人為氣溶膠,造成了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境和氣候問(wèn)題。因此,研究中國(guó)東部地區(qū)云和氣溶膠的時(shí)空分布特征以及氣候效應(yīng)對(duì)充分認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)東部的氣候特征具有重要的科學(xué)意義,同時(shí)對(duì)改善人類(lèi)生存環(huán)境和制定正確的政府決策等也具有重要的社會(huì)意義。本文首先通過(guò)多年的地基和衛(wèi)星氣溶膠觀測(cè)資料,揭示了中國(guó)東部氣溶膠光學(xué)參數(shù)的時(shí)空分布特征。之后利用SBDART輻射傳輸模式,以地基和衛(wèi)星氣溶膠觀測(cè)資料和再分析資料為輸入,開(kāi)展了中國(guó)東部格點(diǎn)尺度上的氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的模擬研究。最后,利用葵花-8衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)資料,依據(jù)雙光譜反射率算法,開(kāi)展了云微物理參數(shù)的反演工作。本文的主要成果如下:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)2001-2014年MODIS氣溶膠資料的分析,揭示了中國(guó)東部氣溶膠光學(xué)厚度的時(shí)空分布特征從空間分布上看,東亞地區(qū)的氣溶膠光學(xué)厚度(AOD)高值區(qū)位于中國(guó)東部、四川盆地和珠三角地區(qū),低值區(qū)則主要集中在西北地區(qū)和東北地區(qū)。同時(shí),春夏季節(jié)東亞地區(qū)的AOD高值區(qū)面積和強(qiáng)度都明顯大于秋冬季節(jié)。從年際變化上看,東亞地區(qū)的AOD在冬季為明顯的上升趨勢(shì),中國(guó)東部以及華北地區(qū)、長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)的AOD則是在四季均呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)。從季節(jié)變化上看,東亞地區(qū)的AOD在春季為峰值,秋季為最低值,其余三個(gè)區(qū)域的AOD則是在夏季為最大值,冬季為最小值。(2)利用2001-2014年AERONET地基氣溶膠觀測(cè)資料,揭示了中國(guó)東部氣溶膠單次散射反照率和不對(duì)稱(chēng)因子的時(shí)空分布特征北方地區(qū)的氣溶膠單次散射反照率(SSA)和不對(duì)稱(chēng)因子(ASY)在夏季為最大值,冬季為最小值,且城市站點(diǎn)的SSA數(shù)值小于郊區(qū)站點(diǎn)。南方地區(qū)的氣溶膠SSA在春季達(dá)到最大值,冬季為最小值,ASY則是夏季最大,秋季最小。SSA和ASY的季節(jié)變化明顯,并且在5～8月份容易出現(xiàn)峰值。從年際變化上看,氣溶膠SSA的年際變化比ASY顯著,且夏季和秋季的年際變化比春季和冬季時(shí)顯著。(3)基于氣溶膠實(shí)測(cè)資料,開(kāi)展輻射傳輸模式的模擬研究,闡明了中國(guó)東部格點(diǎn)尺度上氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的時(shí)空分布特征選取中國(guó)東部秋季的典型污染過(guò)程和潔凈過(guò)程進(jìn)行研究,污染過(guò)程時(shí)中國(guó)東部的AOD均值和高值區(qū)面積都明顯大于潔凈過(guò)程。對(duì)兩個(gè)過(guò)程的后向軌跡進(jìn)行模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),潔凈過(guò)程時(shí)南北方地區(qū)氣流來(lái)源相同,氣溶膠性質(zhì)統(tǒng)一,但是污染過(guò)程時(shí)的南北方氣溶膠來(lái)源不同,氣溶膠性質(zhì)存在差異。對(duì)氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫(ADRF)進(jìn)行模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),ADRF的空間分布與AOD的空間分布模態(tài)基本相同,同時(shí)污染過(guò)程時(shí)的ADRF的強(qiáng)度和高值區(qū)面積都大于潔凈過(guò)程。對(duì)2006—2014年中國(guó)東部冬夏季節(jié)的氣溶膠光學(xué)參數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),中國(guó)東部的氣溶膠AOD、SSA、ASY都存在冬小夏大的季節(jié)變化特征。對(duì)ADRF進(jìn)行模擬發(fā)現(xiàn),大氣頂和地面的ADRF均為負(fù)值,其中大氣頂?shù)腁DRF數(shù)值為-20W/m_2～-45W/m_2,地面的ADRF數(shù)值為大氣頂?shù)乃谋�。AOD和ADRF的年際變化顯著,且夏季的年際變化比冬季更明顯。ADRF會(huì)造成地面層溫度的降低和濕度的增加。另外,受到季風(fēng)環(huán)流的影響,AOD和ADRF的空間分布在季風(fēng)強(qiáng)弱年時(shí)存在明顯差異。對(duì)于中國(guó)東部大部分地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),AOD在冬季風(fēng)強(qiáng)年和夏季風(fēng)弱年時(shí)數(shù)值更大,對(duì)應(yīng)的ADRF的強(qiáng)度也更強(qiáng)。(4)利用葵花-8衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)資料,結(jié)合雙光譜反射率算法,開(kāi)展了云參數(shù)的反演研究工作1.6μm通道反射率對(duì)云相態(tài)和地表類(lèi)型變化非常敏感,且0.64μm和1.6μm通道反射率對(duì)太陽(yáng)和衛(wèi)星天頂角的變化敏感,對(duì)相對(duì)方位角的變化不敏感。對(duì)2016年4月15日的個(gè)例進(jìn)行反演,發(fā)現(xiàn)冰云主要分布于副熱帶陸面,0.64μm通道反射率在0.2～0.4之間,1.6μm通道反射率為0.1～0.2,紅外亮溫在220K～230K之間;混合云的分布范圍最廣,可見(jiàn)光反射率在0.2以上,1.6μm通道反射率為0.05～0.4,亮溫在240K～270K之間;水云主要分布在洋面,0.64μm通道反射率在0.2以上,1.6μm通道反射率為0.1～0.3,亮溫為273K～290K。對(duì)云參數(shù)反演結(jié)果進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析,冰云的粒子半徑(CER)大于水云,冰云的CER在10μm以上,水云的CER在10μm以下。冰云的光學(xué)厚度(COD)在15以上,部分冰云的COD達(dá)到了 50以上,水云的COD在10～20之間,但是在0.64μm通道反射率比較大的區(qū)域,水云COD在40以上。冰云的云水路徑(CWP)數(shù)值大于水云,冰云的CWP數(shù)值基本在200g/m_2以上,但是大部分水云的CWP在100g/m_2以下。
[Abstract]:Cloud and aerosol are important parts of the earth gas system and play an important role in the radiation budget of the ground gas system. Through direct and indirect effects, aerosols play an important role in the radiation revenue and expenditure of the earth gas system, global climate change, atmospheric stability and regional environmental quality. Flow forcing three mechanisms to affect the climate and directly participate in the global water cycle. East China is located in the main monsoon region of Asia, aerosol distribution, cloud and precipitation weather and climate are affected by the monsoon circulation. In recent decades, the economy of eastern China has developed rapidly, and frequent industrial activities emit a large number of anthropogenic aerosols. It has become a serious environmental and climate problem. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cloud and aerosol in eastern China and the climate effect to fully understand the climate characteristics of eastern China. At the same time, it also has important social significance for improving human living environment and making correct government decisions. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol optical parameters in eastern China are revealed through years of ground-based and satellite aerosol observations. Then the SBDART radiation transmission model is used to simulate the direct radiative forcing of aerosols on the grid point scale in eastern China with the input of ground and satellite aerosol observation data and reanalysis data. Finally, using the sunflower -8 satellite observation data, the inversion work of the cloud microphysical parameters is carried out based on the dual spectral reflectance algorithm. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the aerosol optical thickness in eastern China are revealed from the spatial distribution of East Asia by the analysis of the 2001-2014 year aerosol data. The high value area of aerosol optical thickness (AOD) is located in the east of China, the Sichuan basin and the Pearl River Delta region, and the low value area is mainly concentrated in the northwest and northeast regions. At the same time, the area and intensity of the high value area of AOD in East Asia in the spring and summer season are obviously larger than those in autumn and winter. From the interannual variation, the AOD in East Asia is obvious in winter. In the eastern and North China regions, the AOD of the Yangtze River Delta region has an upward trend in the four seasons. From the seasonal variation, the AOD in East Asia is the peak in spring, the autumn is the lowest, the AOD in the other three regions is the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter. (2) using the 2001-2014 year AERONET foundation Aerosol Observation The spatial and temporal distribution of single scattering albedo and asymmetric factors in eastern China was revealed. Aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetric factor (ASY) were the maximum in the northern region, and the winter was the minimum in winter, and the SSA value of urban sites was smaller than that in the suburban sites. The aerosol SSA in the South was reached in the spring. The maximum in winter is the minimum, ASY is the largest in summer, the minimum seasonal variation of.SSA and ASY in autumn is obvious, and the peak is easy to appear in 5~8 months. From the interannual variation, the annual variation of aerosol SSA is significantly higher than that of ASY, and the interannual variation in summer and autumn is more significant than that in spring and winter. (3) based on the measured data of aerosol, the radiant changes are carried out. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of direct aerosol radiation forced by aerosol on the eastern part of China are studied. The typical pollution process and clean process of eastern China in autumn are studied. The AOD mean and high value area of eastern China are obviously larger than the clean process in the process of pollution. The back direction of the two processes is backward. The trajectory simulation shows that the air flow in the South and the north is the same in the South and the north, and the aerosol properties are unified, but the sources of the aerosols are different and the aerosol properties are different during the pollution process. The simulation of the aerosol direct radiation forcing (ADRF) shows that the spatial distribution of the ADRF is basically the same as the spatial distribution mode of the AOD. The intensity and area of high value area of ADRF in the process of pollution are all larger than those of the clean process. The aerosol optical parameters of eastern China during the winter and summer season from 2006 to 2014 have been found. The aerosol AOD, SSA, and ASY in eastern China have the seasonal variation characteristics of the winter small summer, and the ADRF is found to be negative, the ADRF of the air top and the ground is negative, The ADRF value of the top of the atmosphere is -20W/m_2 to -45W/m_2, and the ADRF value of the ground is four times that of the top of the atmosphere, and the interannual variation of.AOD and ADRF is remarkable, and the interannual variation in summer is more obvious than that of the winter, which causes the decrease of the ground layer temperature and the increase of the humidity. In addition, the spatial distribution of AOD and ADRF in the monsoon is influenced by the monsoon circulation, and the spatial distribution of AOD and ADRF is strong and weak. There are obvious differences in the year. For most parts of eastern China, AOD has greater numerical value and stronger ADRF intensity in winter wind years and summer winds. (4) using the sunflower -8 satellite observation data and the double spectral reflectance algorithm, the reflectivity of the 1.6 M channel of the cloud parameters is carried out to the cloud state and the ground. The change of table type is very sensitive, and the reflectivity of 0.64 m and 1.6 mu m channels is sensitive to the change of the sun and the zenith angle of the satellite. It is insensitive to the change of relative azimuth. In the case of April 15, 2016, it is found that the ice clouds are mainly distributed in the subtropical land, the reflection rate of the 0.64 mu m channel is from 0.2 to 0.4, and the 1.6 M channel reflectivity is 0.1 to 0.. 2, the infrared brightness temperature is between 220K and 230K; the distribution range of the mixed cloud is the most extensive, the reflectance of the visible light is above 0.2, the reflectance of the 1.6 mu m channel is 0.05 ~ 0.4, the brightness temperature is between 240K and 270K; the water cloud is mainly distributed in the ocean surface, the 0.64 mu m channel reflectivity is above 0.2, the reverse ejection rate of the 1.6 M channel is 0.1 to 0.3, and the brightness temperature is 273K to 290K. inversion knot of the cloud parameters. A simple analysis shows that the particle radius (CER) of the ice cloud is greater than that of the water cloud, the CER of the ice cloud is above 10 mu m, the CER of the water cloud is below 10 mu m. The optical thickness of the ice cloud (COD) is above 15, the COD of some ice clouds is over 50, the COD of the water cloud is 10~20, but the water cloud COD is above 40 in the area of the 0.64 Muu reflectivity, and the cloud COD is above 40. Ice clouds. The cloud water path (CWP) is larger than the water cloud. The CWP value of the ice cloud is basically above 200g/m_2, but the CWP of most water clouds is below 100g/m_2.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513

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