本文選題：七大水系 + 沉積物　； 參考：《環(huán)境科學(xué)研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：為評(píng)價(jià)國(guó)內(nèi)水系重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),根據(jù)2000—2015年國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,選擇中國(guó)七大水系——長(zhǎng)江水系、黃河水系、遼河水系、松花江水系、海河水系、淮河水系和珠江水系的沉積物,以Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni等5種典型重金屬為研究目標(biāo),對(duì)其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)及分布特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析;并利用生物效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)法對(duì)5種重金屬的淡水水體沉積物質(zhì)量基準(zhǔn)值——TEL(臨界效應(yīng)濃度)和PEL(可能效應(yīng)濃度)進(jìn)行了更新.結(jié)果表明:Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的新TEL分別為56.2、2.58、47.3、79.9和35.4 mg/kg,新PEL分別為141、19.6、200、461和78.6 mg/kg.七大水系以珠江水系沉積物中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的濃度最高,海河水系和黃河水系次之,而長(zhǎng)江水系、遼河水系、松花江水系和淮河水系沉積物中重金屬濃度較低.通過(guò)比較生物效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)法更新的沉積物質(zhì)量基準(zhǔn)值與實(shí)際沉積物重金屬濃度,評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)重點(diǎn)水系沉積物生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所得結(jié)論與國(guó)內(nèi)外研究結(jié)果基本一致.研究顯示,重金屬對(duì)中國(guó)七大水系沉積物的污染大多處于生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不確定的水平,其中僅有1.15%~7.60%的采樣點(diǎn)重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高;七大水系以珠江水系沉積物生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高,其5種重金屬質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)最高,并且超過(guò)各自PEL的采樣點(diǎn)占比在4.41%~26.8%之間;其次,海河水系沉積物也存在一定的重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其Cu、Zn和Ni的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)較高,超過(guò)各自PEL的采樣點(diǎn)分別占14.1%、15.2%和14.8%.
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in domestic water systems, according to the domestic and foreign literature reports from 2000 to 2015, seven major water systems in China-Yangtze River, Yellow River, Liaohe River, Songhua River, Haihe River, were selected. The mass fraction and distribution characteristics of five typical heavy metals in Huaihe River and Pearl River sediments were systematically analyzed. The data base values of sediment quality of five heavy metals, TEL (critical effect concentration) and PEL (possible effect concentration), were updated by using biological effect database method. The results show that the new TEL of the two species is 56.2 ~ 2.58 渭 g / kg and 35.4 mg / kg, respectively, and the new PEL is 141mg / kg and 78.6 mg / kg, respectively, and the new PEL is 141mg / kg, 19.6200461 and 78.6 mg / kg, respectively. The concentration of Cu ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) in the sediments of the Pearl River system is the highest, followed by the Haihe River system and the Yellow River system, while the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangtze River system, the Liaohe River system, the Songhua River system and the Huaihe River system are relatively low. By comparing the standard value of sediment quality updated by the biological effect database method with the actual concentration of heavy metals in sediments, the conclusions of evaluating the ecological risk of sediments in key water systems in China are basically consistent with the results of domestic and international studies. The results show that the pollution of heavy metals to the sediments of the seven major rivers in China is mostly at the level of low or uncertain ecological risk, and only 1.15% and 7.60% of the sampling sites have higher ecological risk of heavy metals. Among the seven major water systems, the Pearl River system has the highest ecological risk, with the highest mass fraction of five heavy metals, and the percentage of sampling points exceeding their PEL is between 4.41% and 26.8%. Secondly, the sediment of Haihe River also has some ecological risk of heavy metals. The mass fraction of Cu Zn and Ni is higher than that of PEL, accounting for 15.2% and 14.8% respectively.
【作者單位】： 南開(kāi)大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院環(huán)境污染過(guò)程與基準(zhǔn)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2012ZX07501-003-04) 國(guó)家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(201503108)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X824

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本文編號(hào)：1814839