發(fā)布時間：2018-04-28 09:37

  本文選題：稱重法 + 煙塵濃度��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)有煙塵濃度監(jiān)測方法主要包括離線監(jiān)測與在線監(jiān)測兩種方法。離線監(jiān)測方法采用手動稱重法;而以光學法為代表的在線監(jiān)測方法,屬于非直接稱重法,不具備煙塵量值溯源的特點,影響環(huán)保部門進行有效監(jiān)測執(zhí)法。為此,實驗室受山西省環(huán)境科學院委托,設(shè)計一套基于稱重法的煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)對火電廠超低煙塵濃度排放的在線與準確監(jiān)測。根據(jù)環(huán)境監(jiān)測的在線執(zhí)法要求,結(jié)合我國固體顆粒物濃度測量標準中提出的稱重法要求,論文從以下四個方面進行研發(fā):(1)煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的整體方案設(shè)計。按照自控工程設(shè)計方法,完成系統(tǒng)工藝流程設(shè)計、機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、儀表選型、電氣連接等工作,并確立了系統(tǒng)的總體控制方案。(2)在線煙塵稱重裝置的開發(fā)和設(shè)計。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)需求分析,完成在線煙塵稱重裝置機電一體化結(jié)構(gòu)的開發(fā),完成以STM32為數(shù)字處理核心的嵌入式電路設(shè)計。實現(xiàn)了煙塵監(jiān)測中濾膜的存取、傳輸、采樣、丟棄、稱重等一系列功能的自動化操作,顯著提高煙塵濃度監(jiān)測的準確性與工作效率。(3)煙塵濃度監(jiān)測中相關(guān)信號處理與控制算法的分析。介紹本系統(tǒng)煙塵濃度的計算方法,分析煙塵濃度監(jiān)測中煙塵質(zhì)量、采樣體積、煙氣含氧量等參數(shù)的信號處理方法。并設(shè)計了煙塵等速采樣的模糊算法,有效消除因采樣流速產(chǎn)生的測量誤差。(4)煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計。通過下位機PLC和STM32的配合,完成系統(tǒng)的自動化控制與數(shù)據(jù)的實時采集,并完成WinCC上位機的開發(fā),實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)及關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的實時反饋,系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的歷史曲線呈現(xiàn),系統(tǒng)運行錯誤報警及系統(tǒng)的手動單步控制等功能。煙塵濃度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)被安裝在山西瑞光熱電廠進行現(xiàn)場測試,經(jīng)過反復(fù)調(diào)整設(shè)計方案,系統(tǒng)基本滿足煙塵監(jiān)測要求。在環(huán)境監(jiān)測領(lǐng)域中,解決了自動稱重法測煙塵濃度的需求,為環(huán)保部門有效監(jiān)測各燃煤電廠的煙塵濃度、實現(xiàn)煙塵量值溯源提供了依據(jù),具有一定的實際價值。
[Abstract]:The existing monitoring methods of smoke concentration mainly include two methods: offline monitoring and online monitoring. The off-line monitoring method adopts manual weighing method while the on-line monitoring method represented by optical method belongs to indirect weighing method and does not have the characteristics of traceability of smoke and dust value which affects the environmental protection departments to carry out effective monitoring and law enforcement. For this reason, the laboratory is commissioned by Shanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences to design an on-line monitoring system of smoke and dust concentration based on weighing method to realize on-line and accurate monitoring of ultra-low smoke concentration in thermal power plants. According to the online law enforcement requirements of environmental monitoring and the requirements of weighing method put forward in the standard of measuring the concentration of solid particles in China, the overall scheme design of the on-line monitoring system of dust concentration in the following four aspects is carried out in this paper. According to the design method of automatic control engineering, the system technological process design, mechanical structure design, instrument selection, electrical connection and so on are completed, and the overall control scheme of the system, I. e., the development and design of the on-line soot weighing device is established. According to the requirement analysis of the system, the development of the mechatronics structure of the on-line soot weighing device is completed, and the embedded circuit design with STM32 as the core of digital processing is completed. The automatic operation of filter membrane access, transmission, sampling, dropping, weighing and other functions in smoke monitoring is realized. The accuracy and working efficiency of smoke concentration monitoring are improved significantly. This paper introduces the calculation method of smoke concentration in this system, and analyzes the signal processing method of smoke dust quality, sampling volume, flue gas oxygen content and so on in the monitoring of smoke dust concentration. A fuzzy algorithm is designed to effectively eliminate the measurement error caused by sampling velocity. The software design of the on-line monitoring system of smoke concentration is presented. Through the cooperation of PLC and STM32, the automatic control of the system and the real-time collection of data are completed, and the development of the upper computer of WinCC is completed. The real-time feedback of the running state and key parameters of the system is realized, and the historical curve of the key parameters of the system is presented. System running error alarm and system manual single-step control and other functions. On-line smoke concentration monitoring system was installed in Ruiguang Thermal Power Plant of Shanxi Province for field test. After repeated adjustment of the design scheme, the system basically meets the monitoring requirements of smoke and dust. In the field of environmental monitoring, the demand of automatic weighing method for smoke concentration measurement is solved, which provides a basis for the environmental protection department to effectively monitor the smoke concentration in various coal-fired power plants and to trace the source of smoke dust value, which is of certain practical value.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X84;TP274

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