環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突研究
本文選題:環(huán)境權(quán)益 + 沖突 ; 參考:《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:人類關(guān)注環(huán)境問(wèn)題始于環(huán)境損害造成的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,隨著社會(huì)多元價(jià)值的發(fā)展,環(huán)境問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)形式日趨復(fù)雜,演變出不同類型的沖突。本文的研究著力于廣泛意義上的環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突,結(jié)合典型環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突案例,從理論研究出發(fā)探尋此類沖突的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,并從立法、司法的角度提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。針對(duì)近年來(lái)頻發(fā)的群體性環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突事件,在公眾參與、利益補(bǔ)償方面進(jìn)行了獨(dú)立的論述。環(huán)境權(quán)益的范圍非常廣泛,不應(yīng)囿于立法上的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)范疇。與人類有關(guān)的,各種天然或經(jīng)過(guò)改造的自然因素總體所承載的權(quán)利和正當(dāng)利益都可歸為環(huán)境權(quán)益的內(nèi)容,其本質(zhì)是人類的正當(dāng)環(huán)境利益。所以,環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突指的是合法的或正當(dāng)性的環(huán)境利益之間的沖突,實(shí)質(zhì)為環(huán)境的主觀價(jià)值沖突和環(huán)境的客觀利益沖突,不具有違法性使其有別于傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境侵權(quán),在法律適用上存在困難。以沈?≡V機(jī)械工業(yè)第一設(shè)計(jì)研究院噪聲污染責(zé)任糾紛案為切入點(diǎn),結(jié)合近年頻發(fā)的環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突案例,將環(huán)境權(quán)益劃分為生活性環(huán)境權(quán)益與生產(chǎn)性環(huán)境權(quán)益兩大類。通過(guò)分析兩種權(quán)益之間及其內(nèi)部的沖突,發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境權(quán)益沖突的根本原因是環(huán)境資源的稀缺性、公共屬性以及環(huán)境行為的負(fù)外部性。為保障公平正義、兼顧每一位環(huán)境權(quán)益主體的利益,應(yīng)當(dāng)構(gòu)建利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,將外部成本內(nèi)部化,可以盡可能的彌補(bǔ)環(huán)境利益讓渡帶來(lái)的損失。同時(shí),站在環(huán)境法學(xué)的立場(chǎng)上,立法和司法作為維護(hù)權(quán)益、協(xié)調(diào)矛盾的功能發(fā)揮亦存在疏漏,環(huán)境權(quán)益交叉的屬性是立法和司法化解此類沖突的限制因素。突破環(huán)境權(quán)益交叉的限制,需要在遵循平等保護(hù)原則、個(gè)案衡量原則、克制原則和比例原則、補(bǔ)償原則的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)立法對(duì)環(huán)境權(quán)益做出必要的限制和補(bǔ)償規(guī)定,即以義務(wù)的形式促使沖突的一方做出適當(dāng)?shù)睦孀尪刹?duì)其進(jìn)行可能的補(bǔ)償。同時(shí)完善以司法為中心的糾紛解決機(jī)制,充分利用環(huán)境調(diào)解在應(yīng)對(duì)沖突糾紛方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。由于“敏感性工程社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件”近年來(lái)對(duì)社會(huì)秩序造成了嚴(yán)重影響,針對(duì)此類事件的特殊性提出了多途徑保障公眾參與環(huán)境決策的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。希望通過(guò)建立信息溝通制度,將公眾意見(jiàn)納入環(huán)評(píng)內(nèi)容以及規(guī)范設(shè)施選址程序,創(chuàng)新選址方式的權(quán)益保障途徑,可以起到緩解沖突、保障社會(huì)和諧的效果。
[Abstract]:Human concerns about environmental problems begin with the loss of life and property caused by environmental damage. With the development of social values, the forms of environmental problems are becoming more and more complex, resulting in different types of conflicts.This paper focuses on the conflict of environmental rights and interests in a wide sense. Combining with typical cases of conflicts of environmental rights and interests, this paper explores the mechanism of such conflicts from theoretical research, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the angle of legislation and judicature.In the light of the frequent conflicts of environmental rights and interests in recent years, this paper makes an independent discussion on public participation and interest compensation.The scope of environmental rights and interests is very wide and should not be confined to the strict scope of legislation.Related to human beings, the rights and legitimate interests carried by various natural or modified natural factors can be classified as the contents of environmental rights and interests, and their essence is the legitimate environmental interests of human beings.Therefore, the conflict of environmental rights and interests refers to the conflict between legitimate or legitimate environmental interests. In essence, it is the conflict of the subjective value of the environment and the conflict of objective interests of the environment, which is not illegal and makes it different from the traditional environmental tort.There are difficulties in the application of the law.Based on the dispute case of noise pollution liability in Shen Haijun v. the first Research Institute of Mechanical Industry, combined with the frequent cases of environmental rights conflict in recent years, the environmental rights and interests are divided into two categories: living environmental rights and productive environmental rights and interests.By analyzing the conflicts between and within the two rights and interests, it is found that the fundamental causes of the conflicts are the scarcity of environmental resources, the public attributes and the negative externalities of environmental behaviors.In order to guarantee fairness and justice and take into account the interests of each subject of environmental rights and interests, we should construct an interest compensation mechanism and internalize the external cost, which can make up for the loss caused by the transfer of environmental benefits as much as possible.At the same time, from the standpoint of environmental law, legislation and judicature, as the protection of rights and interests, and the function of coordinating contradiction also exist omissions. The overlapping attribute of environmental rights and interests is the limiting factor for legislation and judicature to resolve this kind of conflict.To break through the cross-restriction of environmental rights and interests, we need to make the necessary restrictions and compensation provisions on environmental rights and interests through legislation on the basis of following the principle of equal protection, the principle of case measurement, the principle of restraint and proportion, and the principle of compensation.In the form of obligation, the party to the conflict makes appropriate benefit assignment and possible compensation.At the same time, improve the judicial-centered dispute resolution mechanism and make full use of the advantages of environmental mediation in dealing with conflict disputes.Because the "sensitive engineering social stability risk event" has seriously affected the social order in recent years, in view of the particularity of this kind of event, the countermeasures to protect the public participation in environmental decision-making are put forward in the light of the particularity of this kind of event.It is hoped that by establishing information communication system, bringing public opinions into the content of environmental impact assessment, standardizing the procedures of location selection of facilities, and innovating the ways of protecting the rights and interests of site selection, the conflict can be alleviated and the social harmony can be ensured.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:D922.68
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