本文選題：南極 + 企鵝　； 參考：《科學(xué)通報(bào)》2017年31期

【摘要】：南極企鵝是南大洋環(huán)境變化的"生物指示劑",其排泄物中豐富的碳(C)、氮(N)等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)為溫室氣體產(chǎn)生排放提供可能,使企鵝聚居區(qū)成為大氣二氧化碳(CO_2)、甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亞氮(N_2O)排放的重要來源.中國第15次南極科學(xué)考察以來,陸續(xù)開展了南極典型企鵝聚居區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分分析、聚居區(qū)土壤溫室氣體野外觀測和室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)的研究工作,指出企鵝活動(dòng)顯著促進(jìn)溫室氣體的排放,但受企鵝數(shù)量與分布資料的限制,區(qū)域乃至環(huán)南極企鵝源溫室氣體排放量估算尚未開展.隨著衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù)發(fā)展,20世紀(jì)80年代開始企鵝聚居區(qū)的遙感識(shí)別.近年來,特別是高精度衛(wèi)星遙感資料和航拍照片的應(yīng)用,區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)企鵝數(shù)量遙感識(shí)別體系逐漸建立起來.在綜述以往研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合分析了南極典型區(qū)域溫室氣體野外觀測研究及企鵝源溫室氣體排放量估算方法,系統(tǒng)比較了環(huán)南極分布的5種企鵝類型,如阿德利企鵝(Pygoscelis adéliae)、帽帶企鵝(Pygoscelis antarctica)、巴布亞企鵝(Pygoscelis papua)、帝企鵝(Aptenodytes forsteri)和馬可羅尼企鵝(Eudyptes chrysolophus)的遙感識(shí)別方法,并從氣候變化(海表溫度、海冰面積等)和人類活動(dòng)(旅游、船舶等工業(yè)活動(dòng))以及其他因素(食物來源)等方面探討影響企鵝數(shù)量變化的可能因素.
[Abstract]:Antarctic penguins are "biological indicators" of environmental change in the Southern Ocean, where nutrients such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen nitride provide the potential for greenhouse gas emissions.The penguin settlement is an important source of atmospheric carbon dioxide CO2C _ 2, CHS _ 4) and nitrous oxide N _ 2O _ 2) emissions.Since the 15th Antarctic Scientific Survey in China, soil nutrient analysis, field observation of greenhouse gases and indoor culture in typical penguin areas in Antarctica have been carried out. It is pointed out that penguin activities significantly promote greenhouse gas emissions.However, limited by the data of penguin population and distribution, the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from regional and even Antarctic Penguin sources has not been carried out.With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, remote sensing identification of penguin settlement began in 1980's.In recent years, especially with the application of high-precision satellite remote sensing data and aerial photographs, the remote sensing recognition system of penguin numbers in the region has been gradually established.Based on the review of previous research work, the field observation of greenhouse gases in typical Antarctic regions and the estimation methods of greenhouse gas emissions from penguins are comprehensively analyzed, and five types of penguins distributed around the Antarctic are compared systematically.Industrial activities such as ships) and other factors (food sources) to explore the possible factors affecting penguin population changes.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)全球變化與地球系統(tǒng)科學(xué)研究院;北京師范大學(xué)全球變化與中國綠色發(fā)展協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;
【基金】：國家海洋局南北極環(huán)境綜合考察與評(píng)估專項(xiàng)(CHINARE2014-02-04);國家海洋局海洋公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201205007-03)資助 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(312231103) 國家自然科學(xué)基金(41106157,41176163)
【分類號(hào)】：Q958;X87

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本文編號(hào)：1736170