本文選題：成組生物毒性測試 + 葉綠素?zé)晒鈩恿W(xué)試驗��； 參考：《天津理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,水體污染日益加劇,水質(zhì)安全備受關(guān)注。生物毒性測試?yán)檬茉嚿锬承┨囟ㄖ笜?biāo)的變化,相比于傳統(tǒng)水質(zhì)檢測指標(biāo),更直觀地反映污染物對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康造成的潛在性影響。不同生物對有毒污染物具有不同的致毒機(jī)理和反應(yīng)敏感度,將多種生物毒性測試組合應(yīng)用,發(fā)展成組生物毒性測試方法,可以更全面地反映水體中所有共存污染物的綜合生物毒性特征,更有效地評價水體的生物安全性。首先,本文基于成組生物毒性測試法總結(jié)了無脊椎動物、藻類和細(xì)菌等受試生物,對比分析不同急性毒性試驗、慢性毒性試驗、致畸致突變試驗等組成的測試方法,綜述了潛在生物毒性效應(yīng)指數(shù)法、毒性單位分級評價法、水質(zhì)安全分級法和綜合生物標(biāo)志物響應(yīng)指數(shù)法等評價方法及其在不同水體中的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展。其次,考慮到水體中污染物致毒機(jī)理的不同,選取三種生物毒性測試方法(藻類熒光動力學(xué)參數(shù)試驗、SOS/umu試驗和基因重組酵母測試)為成組生物毒性測試方法。根據(jù)Logistic分布SSD模型推導(dǎo)出了苯酚、4-NQO和雌二醇三種陽性參照物的預(yù)測無效應(yīng)濃度(PNEC)分別為121.96μg/L,1.18μg/L,6.47 ng/L。利用樣品毒性當(dāng)量與PNEC的比值定義毒性指標(biāo),并建立安全分級評價,同時對樣品進(jìn)行健康風(fēng)險評價補充水質(zhì)生物安全性評價方法。最后,對污水處理廠二級出水在人工濕地中的水樣和某再生水廠水樣的生物毒性進(jìn)行評價。研究結(jié)果表明,濕地公園L和濕地公園T的水質(zhì)情況相近,整體水質(zhì)在安全分級評價中達(dá)到B級。對水體的急性毒性當(dāng)量進(jìn)行了非致癌風(fēng)險評價,遺傳毒性當(dāng)量和內(nèi)分泌干擾效應(yīng)當(dāng)量進(jìn)行了致癌風(fēng)險評價,人工濕地T和L的致癌風(fēng)險評價值與非致癌風(fēng)險評價值均低于USEPA公布的社會人群可接受風(fēng)險值10-6/a。再生水廠的進(jìn)水和粗濾環(huán)節(jié)后的水樣毒性分級為C,其中遺傳毒性當(dāng)量較高,均超過了PNEC4-NQO。連續(xù)微濾、一級反滲透和二級反滲透水樣的毒性分級為B級,連續(xù)微濾環(huán)節(jié)對遺傳毒性去除效果明顯。再生水廠最后出水的致癌風(fēng)險評價值和非致癌風(fēng)險評價值均小于兩處人工濕地。綜上,成組生物毒性測試可以對水體中污染物不同的生物毒性效應(yīng)進(jìn)行綜合判斷,生物性安全性評價方法的實際應(yīng)用結(jié)果與其他同類型的研究基本一致,但方法簡便易懂,可以作為未來水質(zhì)安全評價的方法補充。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water pollution is becoming more and more serious, and water quality safety has attracted much attention.Compared with the traditional water quality test, biotoxicity test can directly reflect the potential impact of pollutants on ecological environment and human health.Different organisms have different toxic mechanism and reaction sensitivity to toxic pollutants.It can more comprehensively reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity characteristics of all co-existing pollutants in the water body and evaluate the biological safety of the water more effectively.First of all, based on the biotoxicity test method, this paper summarized the test methods of invertebrate, algae and bacteria, and compared and analyzed the test methods of different acute toxicity test, chronic toxicity test, teratogenicity mutagenesis test and so on.In this paper, the potential biotoxicity index method, toxicity unit classification method, water quality safety classification method and comprehensive biomarker response index method are reviewed and their applications in different water bodies are reviewed.Secondly, considering the different toxic mechanism of pollutants in water, three biotoxicity testing methods (algal fluorescence kinetic parameter test and recombinant yeast test) were selected as group biotoxicity test methods.According to the SSD model of Logistic distribution, the predictive noneffective concentrations of phenol 4-NQO and estradiol are 121.96 渭 g / L ~ (-1) ~ (18 渭 g / L ~ (-1)) ~ (6.47) ng 路L ~ (-1), respectively.The toxicity index was defined by the ratio of sample toxicity equivalent to PNEC, and the safety grading evaluation was established. At the same time, the health risk assessment was used to supplement the biological safety assessment method of water quality.Finally, the biological toxicity of the secondary effluent from the wastewater treatment plant in constructed wetland and the water sample of a reclaimed water plant was evaluated.The results showed that the water quality of wetland park L and wetland park T was similar, and the overall water quality reached B grade in safety grading evaluation.The non-carcinogenic risk assessment of acute toxicity equivalent, genetic toxicity equivalent and endocrine disrupting effect equivalent of water body were carried out.T and L of constructed wetland were lower than 10 ~ (-6) / a of acceptable risk value of social population published by USEPA.The toxicity classification of water samples after inlet and coarse filtration in the reclaimed water plant is C, and the genetic toxicity equivalent is higher than that of PNEC4-NQO.Continuous microfiltration, first reverse osmosis and secondary reverse osmosis water samples were classified as B grade, and the effect of continuous microfiltration on genotoxicity removal was obvious.The carcinogenic risk assessment value and non-carcinogenic risk evaluation value of the final effluent of the reclaimed water plant are smaller than those of the two constructed wetlands.In conclusion, group biotoxicity tests can comprehensively judge the biological toxicity effects of different pollutants in water bodies. The practical application results of biological safety assessment methods are basically consistent with other studies of the same type, but the methods are simple and easy to understand.It can be used as a supplement for water quality safety assessment in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X826;X703

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