發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-03 05:05

  本文選題：多孔碳　切入點(diǎn)：碳量子點(diǎn)　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著印染行業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,地球上有限的水資源污染越發(fā)嚴(yán)重,染料廢水具有COD高、透光度低等特點(diǎn),染料廢水的處理已成為環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)重要工作。生物質(zhì)碳材料的制備及應(yīng)用于廢水中有機(jī)染料的去除是實(shí)現(xiàn)高效水處理的一個(gè)重要途徑。本課題以生物質(zhì)為碳源制備了幾種碳材料,用于對(duì)印染廢水中亞甲基藍(lán)(MB)的去除應(yīng)用,具體研究結(jié)果如下:(1)以玉米秸稈為碳源,通過(guò)水熱法和高溫煅燒的方法制備了多孔碳材料。通過(guò)X射線衍射儀(XRD)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)、物理吸附儀(BET)等對(duì)材料的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行表征。多孔碳形貌為多孔片層結(jié)構(gòu),比表面積為679.2378 m2/g。以多孔碳材料為吸附劑研究其對(duì)亞甲基藍(lán)的吸附性能�？疾炝宋絼┘尤肓�,pH,溫度,吸附時(shí)間等對(duì)其吸附性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,吸附劑加入量為0.25 mg/L,MB初始濃度為50 mg/L,pH為6.7,溫度為318 K,吸附時(shí)間為40 min時(shí),多孔碳對(duì)MB的去除效果最好,去除率為99.2%。經(jīng)過(guò)動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合分析,多孔碳對(duì)MB的吸附符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)表明,此吸附是自發(fā)進(jìn)行、吸熱的物理吸附過(guò)程。經(jīng)過(guò)5次循環(huán)吸附后,去除率為93%,表明多孔碳具有較好的循環(huán)可再生性能。(2)以玉米秸稈為碳源,通過(guò)水熱法制備了碳量子點(diǎn)(CQDs)。通過(guò)透射電鏡(TEM)傅里葉紅外光譜(FTIR)、X射線光電子能譜(XPS)等對(duì)材料的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行表征。碳量子點(diǎn)的平均尺寸為2.4nm,具有很好的水分散性,表面含有很多的含氧基團(tuán)如OH,C=O,C-O-C等。以碳量子點(diǎn)為類Fenton催化劑,研究其對(duì)MB的降解效果�？疾炝舜呋瘎┘尤肓�,MB初始濃度,H202加入量對(duì)MB降解率的影響。當(dāng)H202加入量為6.68g/L,CQDs濃度為3.24g/L,MB初始濃度為10 mg/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為180 min時(shí)對(duì)MB的降解效果最好,降解率為93.6%。經(jīng)過(guò)動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合分析,CQDs對(duì)MB的催化反應(yīng)符合準(zhǔn)一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。(3)以尿素和三聚氰胺分別為原料經(jīng)過(guò)煅燒制備了類石墨相氮化碳材料。SEM表征結(jié)果表明以尿素為原料制備出的類石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)具有更優(yōu)異的片層形貌。將類石墨相氮化碳與碳量子點(diǎn)復(fù)合制備出類石墨相氮化碳/碳量子點(diǎn)(g-C_3N_4/CQDs)復(fù)合材料。制備的材料為類Fenton催化劑,采用超聲-類Fenton技術(shù)相結(jié)合催化降解MB,g-C_3N_4/CQDs復(fù)合材料(降解率為91.2%)對(duì)MB的降解效果優(yōu)于g-C_3N_4(降解率為15.5%)�？疾炝舜呋瘎┘尤肓�,H202加入量和不同MB初始濃度條件下復(fù)合材料的催化性能,結(jié)果表明,催化劑加入量為0.66 g/L,氧化劑加入量為0.3388 g/L,MB初始濃度為10 mg/L,pH值為10.98時(shí)對(duì)MB的降解效果最好,降解率為97.1%。經(jīng)過(guò)動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合分析,g-C_3N_4/CQDs對(duì)MB的催化反應(yīng)符合準(zhǔn)一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。催化劑經(jīng)過(guò)4次循環(huán)后,降解率為90%,表明g-C_3N_4/CQDs復(fù)合材料具有較好的循環(huán)可再生性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of printing and dyeing industry, the limited water pollution on the earth becomes more and more serious. Dye wastewater has the characteristics of high COD, low transmittance and so on. The treatment of dye wastewater has become an important work in the field of environmental protection.The preparation of biomass carbon material and its application in the removal of organic dyes in wastewater is an important way to achieve efficient water treatment.In this paper, several kinds of carbon materials were prepared from biomass as carbon source, which were used to remove methylene blue MBs from printing and dyeing wastewater. The specific results are as follows: 1) Corn stalk is used as carbon source.Porous carbon materials were prepared by hydrothermal method and high temperature calcination method.The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and physical adsorption apparatus (BET).The morphology of porous carbon is porous lamellar structure with a specific surface area of 679.2378 m2 / g.The adsorption of methylene blue was studied with porous carbon as adsorbent.The effects of pH, temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption properties of adsorbent were investigated.The results show that when the initial concentration of the adsorbent is 0.25 mg / L, pH is 6.7, the temperature is 318K, and the adsorption time is 40 min, the removal rate of MB by porous carbon is the best and the removal rate is 99.2%.After kinetic fitting analysis, the adsorption of porous carbon to MB is in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic data show that the adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic physical adsorption process.After five cycles of adsorption, the removal rate is 93%, which indicates that porous carbon has better recycling and renewable performance.) the carbon quantum dots (CQDsN) were prepared by hydrothermal method using corn straw as carbon source.The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The average size of carbon quantum dots is 2.4 nm, which has good water dispersibility. There are many oxygen-containing groups on the surface of QDs, such as OHH CX, OOU C-O-C and so on.The degradation effect of carbon quantum dots (QDs) on MB was studied using carbon quantum dots (QDs) as Fenton-like catalysts.The effect of the initial concentration of MB and H _ (202) on the degradation rate of MB was investigated.When the concentration of H202 was 6.68 g / L, the initial concentration of CQDs was 3.24 g / L, the initial concentration was 10 mg / L, and the reaction time was 180 min. The degradation rate of MB was 93.6g / L when the initial concentration of H202 was 6.68 g / L and the initial concentration was 10 mg / L and the reaction time was 180 min.The catalytic reaction of CQDs to MB was in accordance with the quasi first-order kinetic model. (3) Graphite-like carbon nitride materials were prepared by calcination of urea and melamine respectively. SEM results showed that urea was used as raw material.The graphite-like phase nitrided carbon nitride (g-C _ 3N _ 4) has better lamellar morphology.The graphite-like carbon nitride / carbon quantum dots (QDs) composites were prepared by the combination of graphite-like carbon nitride and carbon quantum dots.The degradation rate of MB was better than that of g-C _ 3N _ 4 / C _ (4) / C _ (4) C _ (QDs) composite (degradation rate was 91.2%). The degradation rate was 15.5g / L (the degradation rate was 15.5g / kg), and the degradation rate of MB was better than that of g-C _ (3N) -C _ 3N _ (4) composite (degradation rate was 91.2%).The catalytic properties of the composites with different initial concentration of MB and catalyst amount of H202 were investigated.When the amount of catalyst was 0.66 g / L, the initial concentration of oxidant was 0.3388 g / L ~ (-1) and the initial concentration was 10 mg / L ~ (-1), pH value was 10.98, the degradation rate of MB was 97.1g / L.The kinetic fitting analysis shows that the catalytic reaction of MB by 4 / CQDs accords with the quasi-first-order kinetic model.After four cycles, the degradation rate of the catalyst was 90%, which indicated that the g-C_3N_4/CQDs composite had better cycling and renewable performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X791

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