本文選題：銅　切入點：復合污染　出處：《南昌航空大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,重金屬通過金屬礦山的采礦、大氣干濕沉降、污水灌溉農(nóng)田、重金屬超標農(nóng)用制品的使用等途徑進入到土壤中,造成土壤重金屬嚴重污染。其中,銅冶煉廠排放了大量的Cu、Cd等重金屬進入到土壤環(huán)境中,造成土壤銅鎘復合污染,并使Cu在土壤中大量的積累。本文以清潔土壤為土培試驗和盆栽試驗的供試土壤,人為添加外源銅鎘,添加量分別為400mg/g、5mg/g,以此模擬銅冶煉廠周邊的已被污染的土壤。選用活性炭、低磷活性炭、HNO3改性活性炭、NaOH改性活性炭、KMnO_4改性活性炭、板藍根生物炭、板藍根藥渣生物炭等13種炭材料為改良劑,根據(jù)對Cu的吸附效果,篩選出吸附性能良好的改良劑。再根據(jù)活性炭和KMnO_4改性活性炭對9種不同種類的污染土壤中的Cu的吸附率,選出土壤培養(yǎng)和盆栽試驗的供試土壤,以黑麥草為指示植物,進行室內(nèi)土壤培養(yǎng)實驗和盆栽實驗,分析幾種鈍化劑對Cu、Cd復合污染土壤的修復效果及作用機理。主要研究結(jié)果如下:不同炭改良劑對污染土壤的鈍化效果表明:對于銅單一及銅鎘復合污染的酸性土壤中,上述13種炭改良劑對Cu~(2+)的吸附作用均有不同程度地提高,其中,0.05mol/LKMnO_4改性活性炭對Cu~(2+)的去除效果較好,在添加量為2%時對Cu~(2+)的吸附率達到了80.56%。采用活性炭和KMnO_4改性活性炭對不同種類的污染土壤中Cu的鈍化結(jié)果表明:上述2種炭改良劑對赤紅壤(CHR0、CHR1)、黃壤(HUR0)、黃棕壤(HZR0)、廣州紅壤(HOR0)、江西紅壤(HHR0、GYR0、NJR0)、暗棕壤(AZR0)等9種不同種類的污染土壤中Cu~(2+)的吸附率有不同程度的提高,且改性活性炭對Cu~(2+)的吸附效果高于活性炭的吸附效果。在銅單一污染土壤處理中,改性活性炭對土壤中Cu~(2+)的吸附率分別為95.73%、83.00%、86.69%、77.81%、87.14%、70.55%、95.43%、98.82%、54.06%;在銅鎘復合污染土壤處理中,pH值在4.07~5.89范圍內(nèi),對Cu~(2+)的吸附效果較好,改性活性炭對江西紅壤(NJR0)的吸附率達到了98.82%。在土壤培養(yǎng)試驗中,在銅單一污染土壤中,施加活性炭和改性活性炭后,土壤過氧化氫酶活性與對照相比有顯著性提高,分別提高了45.45%、68.18%;脲酶活性分別提高了42.09%、32.97%。在銅鎘復合污染土壤中,活性炭和改性活性炭與對照相比對土壤過氧化氫酶活性分別提高了61.90%、71.4%。在銅單一污染土壤中,改性活性炭的改良效果優(yōu)于活性炭,酸可提取態(tài)、氧化結(jié)合態(tài)所占比例分別降低了5.79%、5.46%,有機結(jié)合態(tài)、殘渣態(tài)分別提高了2.00%、9.25%;在銅鎘復合污染土壤處理中,添加改良劑后,酸可提取態(tài)所占比例相較于單一銅處理提高幅度較大,分別增加了21.46%、5.73%,且具有酸可提取態(tài)、氧化結(jié)合態(tài)向有機結(jié)合態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的趨勢。盆栽試驗結(jié)果表明:活性炭、改性活性炭和麥飯石對黑麥草的生物量、葉綠素、根活力有所提高,能夠降低黑麥草體內(nèi)Cu的積累量,在銅單一污染土壤中,添加改性活性炭后,莖葉Cu、根Cu含量與無改良處理相比分別降低了35.30%、27.05%;在復合污染土壤中,添加活性炭、改性活性炭、麥飯石后,莖葉Cu、根Cu含量與對照相比分別降低了23.65%、32.08%、27.71%;27.41%、20.90%、28.83%。添加改良劑后,還可提高土壤pH值、增加有機質(zhì)及土壤酶活性,降低Cu的酸可提取態(tài)含量,向潛在可利用態(tài)和不可利用態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。炭改良劑對銅鎘復合污染土壤具有良好的鈍化效果,尤其是改性活性炭的使用,既不會帶入新的污染物質(zhì),避免二次污染的風險,又能夠有效的改良土壤環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the economy, heavy metal by metal mining, atmospheric deposition, sewage irrigation, use of agricultural products exceed the standard of heavy metals and other ways to enter into the soil, causing serious pollution of soil heavy metals. The copper smelter emissions of Cu, Cd and other heavy metals into the soil environment, soil pollution caused by compound copper and cadmium, and Cu in the soil. In this paper, the accumulation of large amounts of clean soil as tested soil culture experiment and pot experiment, adding exogenous copper and cadmium, adding amount of 400mg/g, 5mg/g, to simulate the copper smelter surrounding contaminated soil. Selection of activated carbon, activated carbon and low phosphorus HNO3, modified activated carbon, NaOH modified activated carbon KMnO_4 modified activated carbon, Radix biochar, Radix Isatidis residueconforms biochar and other 13 kinds of carbon materials as modifier, according to the effect of adsorption for Cu, selected good adsorption properties The improvement agent. According to the activated carbon and KMnO_4 modified activated carbon adsorption of 9 kinds of soil pollution in different kinds of Cu rate, the soils selected soil cultivation and pot experiment for ryegrass as indicator plants, experiment and pot experiment indoor soil cultivation, the analysis of several passivation agent on Cu, Cd composite remediation effect and mechanism. The main results are as follows: that the passivation effect of different carbon amendments on soil pollution: for acid soil copper single and composite copper and cadmium pollution in the 13 carbon amendment on Cu~ (2+) adsorption were improved in different degree, of which, 0.05mol/LKMnO_4 modified activated carbon on Cu~ (2+) good removal effect, when adding amount was 2% Cu~ (2+) on the adsorption rate of 80.56%. by activated carbon and KMnO_4 modified activated carbon on soil pollution in different kinds of Cu passivation results show that: 榪，

本文編號：1686737