本文選題：采煤沉陷區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：持續(xù)性有機(jī)污染物　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：持久性有機(jī)污染物(POPs)大部分具有生物毒性、遷移性、蓄積性、持久性及"三致"(致癌、致畸、致突變)效應(yīng)等特點(diǎn),其廣泛存在于環(huán)境介質(zhì)中,對(duì)人類和生態(tài)環(huán)境構(gòu)成巨大的危害,目前POPs成為了全球性重點(diǎn)控制的污染物。本研究利用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)方法,選取變化生境下即最開(kāi)始的陸生環(huán)境逐漸演變?yōu)樗h(huán)境的淮南礦區(qū)中楊莊、謝橋兩個(gè)典型沉陷區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,以采煤沉陷前的土壤和沉陷后水體底泥中14種多氯聯(lián)苯和美國(guó)環(huán)保署(EPA)優(yōu)先控制的16種多環(huán)芳烴為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)變化生境下土壤-底泥中柱狀不同層位POPs橫縱向分布特征、空間分布特征、物質(zhì)組成特征、污染來(lái)源及影響因素等規(guī)律進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地比較研究,并對(duì)POPs污染現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,旨在了解典型POPs污染特征及潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。主要研究結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:通過(guò)建立一套成熟的前處理、提取與凈化方法,對(duì)變化生境下沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥中POPs采用GC-MS方法進(jìn)行定性和定量檢測(cè)分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)整個(gè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量控制與保證,檢測(cè)方法具有較高的回收率,符合EPA等環(huán)境分析的要求。變化生境下除楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤PCB105、PCB153、PCB180三種單體未檢出外,其余PCB單體全部檢出,16種PAHs物質(zhì)在沉陷區(qū)的檢出率為100%。通過(guò)對(duì)變化生境下不同沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥中不同層位PCBs和PAHs檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。楊莊不同層位土壤ΣPCBs濃度在1.052-19.252 ng/gdw,不同層位底泥ΣPCBs濃度在1.024-62.514 ng/g;謝橋不同層位土壤ΣPCBs濃度在1.244-27.774 ng/g,不同層位底泥ΣPCBs濃度在0.239-12.622 ng/g。楊莊不同層位土壤ΣPAHs濃度在42.113-22149.023 ng/g,不同層位底泥ΣPAHs濃度在43.968-7644.210 ng/g;謝橋不同層位土壤ΣPAHs 濃度在 17.809-1617.749 ng/g,不同層位底泥∑PAHs濃度在35.673-264.553 ng/g。通過(guò)與其他地區(qū)污染調(diào)查的對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥PCBs、PAHs濃度處于中等偏低水平。對(duì)于楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤和底泥受影響比謝橋沉陷區(qū)相對(duì)較大。楊莊沉陷區(qū)水體因受到外界補(bǔ)給及人為干擾較大,沉陷區(qū)底泥中PCBs、PAHs污染程度大于土壤。通過(guò)變化生境下不同沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥中柱狀PCBs、PAHs的箱式圖和Arcgis空間插值圖,對(duì)污染物垂向和空間特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。楊莊采煤沉陷區(qū)底泥中不同層位PCBs濃度明顯高于土壤,而土壤中PCBs含量垂向變化更穩(wěn)定,泥河河床上的西南方點(diǎn)位PCBs濃度偏高,土壤西南方采樣點(diǎn)位受煤矸石影響也相對(duì)偏高;謝橋沉陷區(qū)土壤中PCBs濃度高于底泥,而底泥中PCBs含量垂向變化更穩(wěn)定,謝橋沉陷區(qū)西邊PCBs濃度偏大。對(duì)于PAHs來(lái)說(shuō),楊莊沉陷區(qū)除5-10cm層外底泥中PAHs略高于土壤,而土壤中PAHs垂向變化更穩(wěn)定;謝橋采煤沉陷區(qū)土壤中PAHs濃度略高于底泥,而底泥中PAHs垂向變化更穩(wěn)定,西邊沉陷底泥中PAHs濃度高于東邊,PAHs濃度從交通要道附近水域向東西兩邊減少。通過(guò)變化生境下不同沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥中不同層位PCBs、PAHs的物質(zhì)組成百分比圖、三相圖、單體柱狀分布圖,對(duì)污染物組成特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析;同時(shí)結(jié)合比值法初步判斷可能的污染來(lái)源。楊莊采煤沉陷區(qū)土壤和底泥主要是以三氯聯(lián)苯、四氯聯(lián)苯、五氯聯(lián)苯等低氯聯(lián)苯為主,底泥與土壤呈現(xiàn)類似特征;謝橋沉陷區(qū)土壤污染以低氯聯(lián)苯為主,PCBs來(lái)源于長(zhǎng)距離遷移,底泥中三至六氯聯(lián)苯均有一定的檢出率,呈現(xiàn)混合污染。對(duì)于PAHs物質(zhì),楊莊沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥呈現(xiàn)以中低環(huán)物質(zhì)為主,3環(huán)芳烴的主要貢獻(xiàn)物質(zhì)為Phe和F1,為石油源,4環(huán)芳烴主要物質(zhì)為Chr、Flu、Pyr,來(lái)源于煤的燃燒,PAHs呈現(xiàn)混合污染來(lái)源;謝橋土壤-底泥中PAHs主要以3環(huán)芳烴為主,其次是4環(huán)芳烴,也呈現(xiàn)混合污染來(lái)源。通過(guò)變化生境下不同沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥中不同層位PCBs、PAHs與理化指標(biāo)的擬合曲線以及進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,對(duì)比可發(fā)現(xiàn):有機(jī)質(zhì)與PCBs、PAHs相關(guān)性很強(qiáng),底泥中PCBs、PAHs與其擬合系數(shù)高于土壤,擬合系數(shù)大小由表層垂向增加后遞減;有機(jī)質(zhì)與三氯聯(lián)苯、四氯聯(lián)苯等低氯聯(lián)苯相關(guān)性較大,與PAHs大部分同系物在0.01水平上顯著相關(guān)。而對(duì)于粒徑來(lái)說(shuō),其與土壤-底泥不同層位PAHs、PCBs擬合系數(shù)普遍偏小,說(shuō)明介質(zhì)不同層位粒徑分布不會(huì)影響到PAHs、PCBs的分布情況。綜上所述,本研究從變化生境下采煤沉陷區(qū)土壤-底泥POPs柱狀分層進(jìn)行比較,對(duì)進(jìn)一步掌握POPs在介質(zhì)中的遷移特性及沉陷區(qū)生態(tài)健康具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has the most biological toxicity, migration, accumulation, persistence and the "three letter" (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effect) and other characteristics, it is widely present in the environment medium, a great harm to human and ecological environment at present, POPs has become a global focus on the control of pollutants. Chromatography-mass spectrometry this study using gas (GC-MS) method, the changes of habitat selection, the terrestrial environment began to gradually evolve into the aquatic environment in Huainan mining area, two typical Xieqiao subsidence area as the study area, with 14 kinds of PCBs of coal mining subsidence and subsidence of the soil before and after water sediment the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons priority control as the research object, the changes of soil habitats in the sediment column in different layers of POPs horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics, spatial distribution characteristics, composition characteristics of substances, pollution sources and impact factors The law makes a systematic comparative study, and the status of POPs pollution were analyzed, aimed to understand the pollution characteristics and potential risk of typical POPs. The main results and conclusions are as follows: through the establishment of a mature pretreatment, extraction and purification methods, changes in habitat soil and sediment subsidence POPs by GC-MS method the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the whole process of quality control and assurance, recovery detection method has higher rate, consistent with analysis of EPA environment. Changes in habitats except Yang soil PCB105, PCB153, PCB180 three kinds of monomers were not detected, the rest of the PCB monomer detected in all, 16 kinds of PAHs material in the subsidence area detection rate of 100%. according to the change of different habitats in different layers of PCBs and PAHs subsidence of soil and sediment detection results were analyzed statistically. Yang in different soil layers at the level of 1 sigma PCBs 52-19.252 ng/gdw, different layers of sediment total PCBs concentration in 1.024-62.514 ng/g; Xie bridge in different soil layers PCBs concentration in 1.244-27.774 ng/g, different layers of sediment concentration in the 0.239-12.622 ng/g. PCBs, total PAHs concentration in different soil layers in 42.113-22149.023 ng/g, different layers of sediment concentration in the 43.968-7644.210 Sigma PAHs ng/g; Xieqiao total PAHs concentration in different soil layers 17.809-1617.749 ng/g, compared with other regions through the investigation of pollution in different layers of sediment total PAHs concentration in 35.673-264.553 ng/g., found in soil and sediment PCBs, PAHs concentration in the medium low level. For Yangzhuang subsidence area soil and sediment affected than in Xieqiao subsidence area is relatively large. Yang subsidence due to the external water supply and human noise, PCBs area subsidence sediment, the pollution degree of PAHs was greater than that of soil. With the change of subsidence area soil under different habitats Column PCBs soil sediment, PAHs type map and Arcgis spatial interpolation map, comparative analysis of pollutants to the vertical and spatial characteristics in different layers of sediment. The concentration of PCBs was significantly higher than that of soil in Yangzhuang coal mining subsidence, and vertical soil PCBs content changes to the more stable, mud river bed of the South West Point PCBs the high concentration of soil sampling points by the South West coal gangue is relatively high; Xie Qiao PCBs concentration in soil was higher than that of subsidence and vertical sediment PCBs content in sediment to change more stable, Xieqiao subsidence area west of the concentration of PCBs is too large. For PAHs, Yang Zhuang subsidence area in addition to 5-10cm PAHs in the sediment layer slightly higher than the soil, and the soil PAHs vertical variation is more stable; soil PAHs concentration is higher than that of sediment in Xieqiao coal mining subsidence, and sediment in the vertical variation of PAHs is more stable, the subsidence of PAHs concentrations in sediment were higher than the East, the concentration of PAHs from traffic arteries The waters near to the East and west sides of reduced. Through the change of habitat under different soil and sediment in different layers of PCBs, the percentage of PAHs material composition diagram, phase diagram, single column shaped distribution of pollutant composition characteristics were analyzed; at the same time ratio method combined with the preliminary judgment of potential pollution sources. Yangzhuang Coal Mining Subsidence Area Soil and sediment mainly three PCBs, four chloro biphenyl, five chloro biphenyl low PCBs, sediment and soil showed similar characteristics; Xieqiao subsidence of soil pollution with low chlorine biphenyl, PCBs from long distance migration, the detection rate of three and hexachlorobiphenyl had some sediment, showing mixed pollution for PAHs. The material, Yangzhuang Subsidence Area Soil Sludge in the low ring material, the main contribution material 3 aromatic hydrocarbons were Phe and F1, for the oil source, 4 aromatic main material for Chr, Flu, Pyr, derived from coal combustion, PA Hs presents the mixed pollution sources; Xie Qiao soil PAHs in the sediment mainly in the 3 aromatic ring, followed by 4 aromatic ring, also presents the mixed pollution sources. By changing the habitat under different soil and sediment in different layers of PCBs, PAHs and physicochemical index curve fitting and correlation analysis, comparison found that the organic matter and PCBs, PAHs is a strong correlation between PAHs, PCBs in the sediment, and the fitting coefficient is higher than that of soil, the fitting coefficient decreased from the surface of the vertical size increases; organic matter and three PCBs, four chloro biphenyl PCBs correlated with low, most of the PAHs homologues in 0.01 level was significantly correlated to. The particle size, the different soil and sediment layers PAHs, PCBs fitting coefficient is generally small, medium size distribution in different layers that will not affect the PAHs particle, the distribution of PCBs. In summary, this study from the coal mining subsidence area change of habitats The comparison of soil and sediment POPs columnar stratification plays an important role in the further understanding of the migration characteristics of POPs in the medium and the ecological health of the subsidence area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X592

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