本文選題：酸性礦山廢水　切入點：嗜酸菌　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：酸性礦山廢水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是由金屬硫化礦物氧化形成的,酸性強,重金屬元素含量高,對環(huán)境污染大。在AMD的形成過程中,Fe3+是主要的氧化劑。嗜酸微生物可以將Fe2+氧化為Fe3+來獲取能量,從而極大提高了黃鐵礦的溶解和氧化速率。為了理解酸性礦山廢水中嗜酸微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)功能及其與環(huán)境參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,本論文以安徽某鐵礦排土場酸水庫為研究對象,利用克隆文庫和高通量測序研究了秋冬季節(jié)嗜酸微生物群落的演變過程,探討了物理化學(xué)因子對嗜酸群落組成的影響,進(jìn)而利用宏基因組學(xué)方法解析了嗜酸菌群落功能的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律。研究獲得以下幾點成果:(1)該酸水庫酸性強,秋冬季節(jié)pH分別為2.94±0.03和3.15±0.01。金屬元素Mg、Al和陰離子SO42-等含量高,秋季濃度分別為1103.70±108.50mg/L、600.60±42.91mg/L、10398.98±767.55mg/L,冬季分別為1232.70±11.40mg/L、673.40±6.71mg/L、13015.91±1962.68mg/L,冬季相比于秋季濃度有所上升。(2)秋季微生物多樣性高于冬季。門組成變化明顯,從秋季到冬季α-變形菌與放線菌門豐度顯著升高,β-變形菌比例出現(xiàn)明顯下降。(3)秋季群落中主要的屬有Ferrovum(35.28%±16.88%)、Acidobacterium(16.03%±4.99%)、Acidiphilium(10.74%±2.64%),冬季則是Acidiphilium(33.74%±1.87%)、Acidisphaera(10.34%±1.86%)、Granulicella(6.52%±1.85%)。(4)相關(guān)性分析表明,pH、溫度和Al對微生物群落的變化有很大影響。(5)酸水庫中的真核生物主要是膠球藻屬(Coccomyxa)與棕鞭藻屬(Ochromonas)。膠球藻屬在兩個季節(jié)均處于優(yōu)勢地位,棕鞭藻屬的豐度次之。(6)KEGG注釋結(jié)果顯示光合固碳基因豐度在冬春夏季豐度分別為1.63‰、2.06‰、2.50‰,隨季節(jié)變化明顯上升。光系統(tǒng)I和光系統(tǒng)II豐度以及催化NADP+還原的光合固碳的關(guān)鍵酶鐵氧還蛋白-NADP+-還原酶也有相同的變化趨勢。(7)固氮基因,硫氧化基因,鐵氧化基因豐度在3個季節(jié)基本保持一致。
[Abstract]:Acid mine drainageAMDA was formed by oxidation of metal sulphide minerals, which was characterized by strong acidity and high content of heavy metal elements. In the formation of AMD, Fe3 is the main oxidant. Acidophilic microbes can oxidize Fe2 to Fe3 to obtain energy. In order to understand the community structure and function of acidophilic microorganisms in acid mine wastewater and its relationship with environmental parameters, this paper takes the acid reservoir of an iron ore dump in Anhui province as the research object. The evolution process of acidophilic microbial community in autumn and winter was studied by clone library and high throughput sequencing. The effects of physical and chemical factors on the composition of acidophilic community were discussed. Furthermore, the seasonal variation of acidophilic bacteria community function was analyzed by macrogenomics method. The following results were obtained: 1) the acid reservoir was acidic, the pH of the reservoir in autumn and winter was 2.94 鹵0.03 and 3.15 鹵0.01, respectively. The contents of metal elements MgOAl and anion so _ 42- were high, and the results were as follows: (1) the pH value of the reservoir was 2.94 鹵0.03 and 3.15 鹵0.01, respectively. In autumn, the concentrations were 1103.70 鹵108.50 mg / L, 600.60 鹵42.91 mg / L, 10398.98 鹵767.55 mg / L, 1232.70 鹵11.40 mg / L, 673.40 鹵6.71 mg / L, respectively. The microbial diversity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter. From autumn to winter, the abundance of 偽 -Proteus and Actinomycetes increased significantly, and the proportion of 尾 -Proteus decreased significantly.) the main genera in the autumn community were Ferrovumium 35.28% 鹵16.888.88% 鹵16.03% 鹵4.99diphilium 10.74% 鹵2.64%, and in winter it was Acidiphilium 7.43% 鹵1.87Acidisphaeraer 10.34% 鹵1.86kella6.52% 鹵1.85.1%. The correlation analysis showed that pH, temperature and Al changed the microbial community. The major eukaryotes in the acid reservoir are Coccomyxa) and Ochromonasus, which are dominant in both seasons. The results of KEGG annotation showed that the abundance of photosynthetic carbon sequestration gene in winter, spring and summer was 1.63 鈥，

本文編號：1654825