本文選題：杏鮑菇　切入點(diǎn)：菌糠　出處：《延安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著杏鮑菇產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,杏鮑菇菌糠也日益增多,通常對(duì)其處理的方法是丟棄、堆積、焚燒、作為再生產(chǎn)的原料等,這些處理都不能有效合理的解決菌糠問題,因此,菌糠的合理利用成為了制約工廠化發(fā)展和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)面臨的一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。研究表明,菌糠中含有來自培養(yǎng)料、菌絲體和菌絲代謝產(chǎn)物中的大量的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)及生物活性成分。本研究以杏鮑菇菌糠為原料,以總黃酮含量為指標(biāo),采用超聲輔助法對(duì)杏鮑菇菌糠中總黃酮進(jìn)行提取、分離純化、抗氧化活性、抑菌活性及其穩(wěn)定性研究,旨在為杏鮑菇菌糠的綜合利用提供理論依據(jù)。研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)通過顯色反應(yīng)以及HPLC色譜法定性試驗(yàn)確定菌糠提取物中含有黃酮類化合物之后,分別進(jìn)行單素試驗(yàn),在單因素試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)4因素3水平的正交試驗(yàn)對(duì)杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮的提取條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,得到提取最佳工藝條件為:乙醇濃度為70%,料液比1:35 g/mL,超聲破碎時(shí)間20 min,水浴溫度為70℃。在該條件下杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮得率為2.852±0.040 mg/g,且RSD=1.39%,表明該工藝比較穩(wěn)定。(2)通過對(duì)6種樹脂的吸附和解吸效果考察,選擇AB-8型大孔樹脂對(duì)杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮進(jìn)行分離純化。在單因素試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,分別對(duì)吸附和解吸過程進(jìn)行正交優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),得到杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮的純化工藝為:上樣液流速為2.0 mL/min、上樣液pH為6、上樣液濃度0.25 mg/mL、脫液流速為3.0 mL/min、洗脫液濃度90%、洗脫液體積為4.5 BV。發(fā)現(xiàn),總黃酮含量由純化前的8.049%提高到30.37%,純度提高了3.77倍;且通過對(duì)AB-8樹脂重復(fù)使用性能的考察發(fā)現(xiàn),重復(fù)利用7次后吸附率保持在50%以上,表明AB-8樹脂適合于杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮的分離。(3)以VC為對(duì)照,對(duì)杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮的總還原能力以及對(duì)DPPH、羥基自由基、超氧陰離子三種自由基的清除能力考察發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮的濃度大于1.2 mg/mL時(shí),總黃酮的總還原能力比VC強(qiáng);另外,在試驗(yàn)選擇濃度范圍內(nèi),杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮對(duì)DPPH的清除率為68.51%;對(duì)羥基自由基的清除率為50.38%;對(duì)超氧陰離子自由基的清除率為56.06%,其中杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮對(duì)DPPH和羥基自由基的清除能力均比VC強(qiáng),對(duì)超氧陰離子的清除能力弱于VC,說明杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮具有良好的抗氧化活性。(4)采用打孔法對(duì)常見的4種細(xì)菌和3種真菌進(jìn)行抑菌試驗(yàn),得到杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮對(duì)7種病原菌的最小抑菌濃度分別為:大腸桿菌MIC為40 mg/mL,白色葡萄球菌MIC為20 mg/mL,傷寒桿菌MIC為20 mg/mL,福氏痢疾桿菌MIC為40mg/mL,西瓜腐爛病菌MIC為40 mg/mL,小麥赤霉病MIC為40 mg/mL,棉花枯萎菌MIC為20 mg/mL,說明杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮具有良好的抑菌活性。(5)通過對(duì)光照、溫度、pH以及金屬陽離子對(duì)杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮穩(wěn)定性影響的考察,結(jié)果表明:杏鮑菇菌糠總黃酮溶液在4℃和20℃存放10 h、pH為6存放24h、避光環(huán)境中存放7 d吸光度變化均不大;K+和Na+對(duì)吸光度的影響變化也不大,而Cu2+和Fe3+對(duì)溶液吸光度有不同程度的影響。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of mushroom industry, eryngiibacterial chaff is also increasing, usually on the handling method is discarded, accumulation, incineration, as raw materials for reproduction, these treatments are not effective to solve the problem of reasonable WMLE, therefore, reasonable use of SMS has become a challenge for restricting industrialization development and the construction of ecological civilization. The study shows that the fungus bran contains from the culture medium, a large number of physical and biological activity of nutrients and metabolites in mycelium hyphae. In this study, eryngiibacterial chaff as raw materials, with total flavonoids content as index, the ultrasonic assisted method of total flavonoids in p.eryngii extraction, purification, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and stability study, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of p.eryngii. Research contents and results are as follows: (1) by chromogenic reaction and HPLC chromatography After the determination of flavonoids in extract of WMLE test were single hormone test, on the basis of single factor test, orthogonal experiment design of 4 factors and 3 levels of the extraction conditions of total flavonoids from p.eryngii were optimized to get the optimal conditions for the extraction of ethanol concentration 70%, ratio of material to liquid 1:35 g/mL, ultrasonic time 20 min, water bath temperature of 70 degrees. In p.eryngii under the condition of total flavonoids was 2.852 + 0.040 mg/g, and RSD=1.39%, showed that the process was stable. (2) through the adsorption and desorption effect of 6 kinds of resin of choice AB-8 macroporous resin total flavonoids of p.eryngii were isolated. Based on the single factor experiment, respectively on the adsorption and desorption process were studied by orthogonal test, obtained total flavonoids from p.eryngii purification: the sample liquid flow rate is 2 mL/min, the pH of sample was 6, sample solution The concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, and the liquid flow rate is 3 mL/min, eluent concentration was 90%, the elution liquid found a volume of 4.5 BV., total flavonoids content increased from 8.049% to 30.37% before purification, the purity increased 3.77 times; and through the investigation of repeated use performance of AB-8 resin was reused for 7 times, the adsorption rate remained at 50% above, that separation of AB-8 resin suitable for total flavonoids from p.eryngii. (3) compared with VC, the total reducing capacity for total flavonoids of eryngiibacterial chaff and on DPPH, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion free radical scavenging ability of three kinds of study found: when the concentration of total flavonoids of p.eryngii more than 1.2 mg/mL, the total reducing capacity of total flavonoids was stronger than that of VC; in addition, in the test concentration range, eryngiibacterial chaff total flavonoids the scavenging rate of DPPH was 68.51%; the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 50.38%; the superoxide anion free radical scavenging rate was 56. 06%, the total flavonoids of p.eryngii scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals were stronger than VC, the superoxide anion scavenging ability than VC, indicating that the total flavonoids of p.eryngii had good antioxidant activity. (4) in the bacteriostatic test against 4 bacteria and 3 fungi using common punch method, get the minimum inhibitory concentration of total flavonoids of eryngiibacterial chaff on 7 pathogens were Escherichia coli MIC 40 mg/mL, MIC 20 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi MIC 20 mg/mL Shigella flexneri MIC 40mg/mL, MIC 40 mg/ watermelon rot pathogen mL, wheat scab MIC 40 mg/mL, MIC 20 mg/mL of cotton wilt Fusarium, that total flavonoids of eryngiibacterial chaff have better antibacterial activity. (5) based on illumination, temperature, study, effects of pH and metal cations on p.eryngii stability of flavonoids showed that p.eryngii general Huang Tongrong The liquid stored at 10 h for 4 and 20 degrees, pH for 6, 24h for storage, and no change in absorbance for 7 d in the light avoiding environment. K+ and Na+ had little influence on absorbance, while Cu2+ and Fe3+ had different degrees of influence on solution absorbance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：延安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ28;X712

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