本文選題：海西州　切入點(diǎn)：沙漠化　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：長期以來,沙漠化是國內(nèi)外學(xué)者和政府機(jī)構(gòu)普遍關(guān)注的環(huán)境問題,它與人類的生存和發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。海西州位于中國西北干旱半干旱的高寒地區(qū),是青海乃至全國沙漠化最為嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一。目前,對海西州沙漠化的研究主要集中于境內(nèi)的柴達(dá)木盆地,本文首次將研究范圍擴(kuò)至海西全州,對其沙漠化過程進(jìn)行了全面的研究。本文采用的主要研究方法為:基于Landsat遙感影像數(shù)據(jù),以NDVI為評價沙漠化變化的指標(biāo),對海西州1975、1985、1995、2005和2014年五個年份的沙漠化的時空演變進(jìn)行了遙感解譯,分析了未來不同時期不同RCPs情景下的沙漠化風(fēng)險狀況及自然和人文兩種驅(qū)動力對研究區(qū)沙漠化的影響,并對研究區(qū)的沙漠化治理提出了對策建議。研究的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)1975~2014年海西州沙漠化時空演變。地域分布上,從境內(nèi)柴達(dá)木盆地向外圍山區(qū)沙漠化程度由重及輕;時間尺度上,沙漠化土地面積經(jīng)歷了先增加后減少的變化過程,以1995年份面積最大,沙漠化也最嚴(yán)重,其中1975~1995年為沙漠化發(fā)展時期,而1995~2014為沙漠化逆轉(zhuǎn)時期。沙漠化及不同程度沙漠化重心的地理坐標(biāo)均經(jīng)歷了先向東后向西的遷移過程,且較輕程度沙漠化的重心地域變動范圍小于較重程度沙漠化。(2)沙漠化驅(qū)動力。研究區(qū)氣候、降水和大風(fēng)的年際變化表明氣候逐漸向暖濕方向發(fā)展。由于暖濕氣候有利于沙漠化逆轉(zhuǎn),因此1975~1995年沙漠化擴(kuò)展與暖濕氣候?qū)ι衬挠绊懖灰恢?1995~2014年則一致。一方面說明在生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱的干旱半干旱區(qū),人類活動對沙漠化影響非常大,甚至超過氣候作用;另一方面說明人類因素的可控性,由于人類活動的逐漸合理化、規(guī)范化,生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)力度加大,加上氣候的暖濕作用,沙漠化逐漸逆轉(zhuǎn)。(3)沙漠化風(fēng)險評估。從地域分布看,從柴達(dá)木盆地到外圍山區(qū),未來沙漠化風(fēng)險由重及輕,與不同程度沙漠化土地的地域分布相似,其中高風(fēng)險所占比例最高。從不同氣候變化情景看,RCP4.5情景下,未來沙漠化風(fēng)險程度最高,RCP2.6和RCP6.0情景下風(fēng)險最低。(4)沙漠化治理對策。研究區(qū)早期的沙漠化治理成果不大,上世紀(jì)90年代以后,隨著一系列環(huán)保政策的出臺,沙漠化治理得到加強(qiáng),沙漠化擴(kuò)張已得到初步遏制,但治理過程中仍有不少問題出現(xiàn)。本文針對問題提出了三點(diǎn)新的建議,并提出了基于環(huán)境善治的沙漠化治理。環(huán)境善治作為新的環(huán)境治理理念,應(yīng)用在沙漠化治理上,有利于地方政府、工礦企業(yè)、公民社會之間相互合作、取長補(bǔ)短,形成一個良性的沙漠化治理體系,促進(jìn)研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:For a long time, desertification has been a widespread concern of scholars and government agencies at home and abroad, which is closely related to the survival and development of human beings. Haixi Prefecture is located in the arid and semi-arid alpine region of northwest China. It is one of the most serious desertification areas in Qinghai and even in China. At present, the research on desertification in Haixi prefecture is mainly focused on the Qaidam basin in the territory. For the first time, the scope of this study has been extended to the whole state of Hercynian. The main research methods used in this paper are as follows: based on Landsat remote sensing image data, NDVI is used to evaluate desertification change. The temporal and spatial evolution of desertification in the five years of 1975 ~ 1985 and 2014 in Haixi was interpreted by remote sensing. The risk of desertification and the influence of natural and human driving forces on desertification in different RCPs scenarios in the future were analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The spatiotemporal evolution of desertification in Haixi from 1975 to 2014. In terms of regional distribution, the desertification degree from the Qaidam basin to the peripheral mountainous area is from heavy to light, and on time scale. The area of desertified land increased first and then decreased. In 1995, the area of desertification was the largest and the desertification was the most serious. The period from 1975 to 1995 was the period of desertification development. However, 1995 / 2014 is the reverse period of desertification. The geographic coordinates of the center of gravity of desertification and different degrees of desertification all experienced the process of migration from east to west. And the range of regional variation of the center of gravity of the lighter desertification is smaller than that of the heavy degree desertification. (2) the driving force of desertification. The climate of the study area, The interannual variation of precipitation and gale indicates that the climate is gradually developing in the direction of warm and wet, because warm and humid climate is conducive to the reversal of desertification, Therefore, from 1975 to 1995, the effects of desertification expansion and warm and wet climate on desertification are inconsistent. On the one hand, it shows that in the arid and semi-arid areas with fragile ecological environment, human activities have a very large impact on desertification, even exceed the climatic effect. On the other hand, it explains the controllability of human factors. Due to the gradual rationalization and standardization of human activities, the intensification of ecological environmental protection and the climate warming and humidity, desertification gradually reverses desertification risk assessment. From the Qaidam Basin to the surrounding mountainous areas, desertification risk in the future is from heavy to light, which is similar to the regional distribution of desertification land of different degrees, in which the proportion of high risk is the highest. From different climate change scenarios, we can see the RCP 4.5 scenario. The risk of desertification is the highest in the future. The risk of desertification is the lowest under RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 scenarios. The early results of desertification control in the study area are not significant. After -10s, with the introduction of a series of environmental protection policies, Desertification control has been strengthened, desertification expansion has been initially contained, but there are still many problems in the process of control. This paper puts forward three new suggestions to solve the problems. As a new concept of environmental governance, the application of environmental good governance in desertification control is beneficial to the cooperation among local governments, industrial and mining enterprises and civil society. To form a benign desertification control system to promote the sustainable development of ecological environment in the research area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X171.1;X826

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