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  本文選題：酶解木薯渣　切入點：生物絮團　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為解決目前生物絮團技術(shù)碳源成本過高以及由于木薯渣處理困難造成的環(huán)境問題,本文探究了酶解木薯渣作為生物絮團碳源的可行性。首先本文優(yōu)化了酶解木薯渣的工藝流程,然后將最佳反應(yīng)條件下得到的酶解產(chǎn)物與原木薯渣、蔗糖作為三種不同的碳源添加進南美白對蝦養(yǎng)殖水體中,最后通過水質(zhì)分析,判斷蔗糖、木薯渣和酶解木薯渣三種碳源對水質(zhì)影響的區(qū)別,并利用高通量測序技術(shù)對生物絮團和對蝦腸道中的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)進行解析。本研究對高效利用木薯渣,解決其造成的環(huán)境問題具有重要意義,也為解釋生物絮團的作用機理提供了理論參考。主要結(jié)果歸納如下:(1)確定了纖維素酶、糖化酶和α-淀粉酶單獨水解木薯渣的最佳pH、反應(yīng)溫度、酶添加量、固液比和最佳反應(yīng)時間。(2)確定了當纖維素酶、糖化酶和α-淀粉酶添加量分別為8000 U/g木薯渣、4000 U/g木薯渣和640 U/g木薯渣,反應(yīng)時間分別為48 h、10 h和40 h時,三種酶復(fù)合作用的最佳效果比單一酶種最佳的作用效果提高了97.92%,同時該結(jié)果明顯高于理論上三種酶解效果之和。(3)取預(yù)處理過的木薯渣,分別調(diào)節(jié)固液比為1/15、1/10、1/5,并在不同條件下依次添加七種生物酶,最終得到的還原糖的濃度分別34.75 mg/mL、50.55 mg/mL、92.32mg/mL和,相較于未經(jīng)處理的木薯渣,還原糖提取率提高了 20倍。(4)在周期為30天的養(yǎng)殖實驗中,分別將蔗糖、木薯渣、酶解木薯渣添加到對蝦養(yǎng)殖桶中,水質(zhì)分析表明,蔗糖組的氨氮濃度(0.16 mg/L)和亞硝態(tài)氮濃度(0.13 mg/L)相較于木薯渣組分別降低了 23.8%和27.8%,酶解木薯渣組的氨氮濃度(0.19 mg/L)和亞硝態(tài)氮濃度(0.16 m/L)分別降低了 9.5%和12.5%,TSS(總固體懸浮物濃度)和BFV(生物絮團體積濃度)水平最高的組為酶解木薯渣組。蔗糖在控制氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮兩種污染指標方面效果最好,其次是酶解木薯渣,但是在生物絮團的形成方面,酶解木薯渣的處理效果最好。(5)高通量測序結(jié)果表明,生物絮團中的微生物多樣性遠高于對蝦腸道,BFT3(碳源為酶解木薯渣的生物絮團)中異養(yǎng)細菌的相對豐度分別比BFT1(碳源為蔗糖的生物絮團)和BFT2(碳源為木薯渣的生物絮團)高了 20.70%和和1.19%,同時其益生菌的相對豐度比BFT1和BFT2高了 11.47%和61.60%,來自于BFT3水環(huán)境培養(yǎng)的對蝦腸道樣品中,致病菌所占的比例低于其他兩組,說明了酶解木薯渣的添加提高了益生菌和異養(yǎng)細菌并且抑制了致病菌來降低對蝦的疾病風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the high cost of carbon source and the difficulty of cassava residue treatment, the feasibility of enzymatic cassava residue as a carbon source of biological floc was explored. Firstly, the technological process of enzymatic cassava residue was optimized. The enzymatic hydrolysis products and cassava dregs, sucrose as three different carbon sources were added to the culture water of Penaeus vannamei under the best reaction conditions. Finally, the sucrose was judged by the analysis of water quality. The effects of cassava residue and enzymatic cassava residue on water quality were studied. The microbial community structure in biological flocs and shrimp intestines was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. It is of great significance to solve the environmental problems caused by it, and also provides a theoretical reference for explaining the action mechanism of biological flocs. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) Cellulase is determined. The optimum pH, reaction temperature, enzyme addition, solid-liquid ratio and optimum reaction time of cassava residue hydrolyzed separately by Glucoamylase and 偽 -amylase were determined. The dosages of Glucoamylase and 偽 -amylase were 8 000 U / g cassava dregs and 640 U / g cassava dregs respectively, and the reaction time was 48 h / 10 h and 40 h respectively. The optimum effect of the three enzymes was 97.922.The result was significantly higher than that of cassava dregs pretreated with the sum of the three enzymatic hydrolysis effects in theory, and the optimum effect of the three enzymes was higher than that of the single enzyme, and the result was significantly higher than that of the pre-treated cassava dregs. The ratio of solid to liquid was adjusted to 1 / 15 / 1 / 10 / 1 / 5, and seven kinds of biological enzymes were added under different conditions, and the final concentration of reducing sugar was 34.75 mg / mL, 50.55 mg / mL and 92.32 mg / mL, respectively, compared with the untreated cassava residue. The extraction rate of reducing sugar was increased by 20 times. 4) in the culture experiment with a period of 30 days, sucrose, cassava residue and cassava residue were added to the shrimp culture barrel respectively. The water quality was analyzed. The ammonia concentration of sucrose group (0.16 mg / L) and nitrite concentration (0.13 mg / L) decreased by 23.8% and 27.8 respectively compared with cassava dregs, the ammonia concentration of enzymatic cassava dregs was 0.19 mg / L and nitrite concentration was 0.16 mg / L and 9.5% and 12.5 mg / L, respectively. The highest concentration of floatation) and BFV (volume concentration of biological flocs) were obtained from cassava dregs by enzymatic hydrolysis. Sucrose was used to control ammonia nitrogen. The effect of nitrite nitrogen on two pollution indexes was the best, followed by enzymatic cassava residue, but in the formation of biological flocs, the treatment effect of enzymatic cassava residue was the best. The microbial diversity in the biological flocs is much higher than that in the shrimp intestinal tract BFT3 (where the carbon source is enzymatic cassava residue) and the relative abundance of heterotrophic bacteria is higher than that of BFT1 (carbon source is sucrose biological flocs) and BFT2 (carbon source is cassava residue). At the same time, the relative abundance of probiotics was 11.47% and 61.60 higher than that of BFT1 and BFT2. The proportion of pathogenic bacteria was lower than that of the other two groups, which indicated that the addition of cassava residue could increase probiotics and heterotrophic bacteria and inhibit pathogenic bacteria to reduce the risk of shrimp disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X714

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