發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 18:00

  本文選題：克百威　切入點：毒死蜱　出處：《沈陽工業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：玉米桿、麥稈、花生殼等為常見的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,除少部分作為飼料外,大部分被直接焚燒,利用率低,對環(huán)境危害大�？税偻投舅莉鐬閮煞N常見的廣譜殺蟲劑,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上被廣泛應用。但克百威和毒死蜱半衰期長,不易被降解,在土壤中的殘留會給農(nóng)作物和人類健康造成嚴重影響。因此,修復克百威和毒死蜱污染土壤刻不容緩。本文通過吸附法將白腐真菌固定化,并將其應用于克百威和毒死蜱污染土壤的原位修復,為農(nóng)藥污染土壤的修復工作提供一個新思路。本文通過以玉米桿、麥稈、花生殼等作為載體固定化三株白腐真菌C菌株(Phlebia.sp)、Y菌株(Lenzites betulinus)和W菌株(Iopex lacteus),以克百威和毒死蜱為目標污染物,以降解率作為考察指標,分別篩選出克百威和毒死蜱的優(yōu)勢降解菌株以及較優(yōu)載體。結(jié)果表明,玉米桿和麥稈較適合作為載體來固定化白腐真菌,且以玉米桿為載體的菌株降解效果好于麥稈載體,C和W為克百威的優(yōu)勢降解菌株,C和Y為毒死蜱的優(yōu)勢降解菌株。白腐真菌培養(yǎng)最適溫度為28℃,且偏酸性條件下白腐真菌在載體上長勢較好。固定化后W菌株5d內(nèi)對克百威的降解率最高為69.83%,C菌株6d內(nèi)對毒死蜱的降解率最高為74.69%。固定化后的三株菌株進行環(huán)境因子影響的考察表明:污染物初始濃度變化很大時,固定化白腐真菌對兩種農(nóng)藥的降解效果波動均不大,其降解能力受濃度影響較小。然而當pH、溫度以及初始投加量變化時,固定化白腐真菌對農(nóng)藥的降解效果變化較大,白腐真菌受這三種環(huán)境因子影響較大。隨后進行的正交實驗驗證了這一結(jié)論:在克百威降解正交實驗中,反應溫度是影響降解率的關(guān)鍵因素,pH值為重要因素,投加量及克百威的初始濃度為一般因素;在毒死蜱降解正交實驗中,反應溫度和pH值是影響毒死蜱降解率的關(guān)鍵因素,毒死蜱的初始濃度及投加量為一般因素。
[Abstract]:Corn stalks, wheat stalks, peanut shells and so on are common agricultural wastes. Except for a few as feed, most of them are incinerated directly, and their utilization ratio is low, which is a great harm to the environment. Carbovax and chlorpyrifos are two common broad-spectrum insecticides. It is widely used in agricultural production. However, the half-life of carbofuran and chlorpyrifos is long and not easily degraded, and residues in the soil have serious effects on crops and human health. The remediation of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos contaminated soil is urgent. In this paper, the white rot fungi were immobilized by adsorption method, and used in situ remediation of Yu Ke and chlorpyrifos contaminated soil. This paper provides a new idea for the remediation of pesticide contaminated soil. Peanut shell was used as carrier to immobilize three white rot fungus strains Phlebia.sphalinus, Lenzites betulinusand W strain Iopex lacteus.Both chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos were used as the target pollutants, and the degradation rate was taken as the index. The dominant biodegradable strains and carriers of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos were screened respectively. The results showed that corn stalks and wheat stalks were more suitable as carriers for immobilization of white rot fungi. The results showed that the strain with corn stalk as the carrier was better than those with wheat straw carrier C and W as the dominant degradation strains of chlorpyrifos. The optimum culture temperature of white rot fungi was 28 鈩，

本文編號：1594444