本文選題：鎘脅迫　切入點(diǎn)：FAPAR　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物受重金屬脅迫后,其生理生化參數(shù)會(huì)發(fā)生變化,并引作物能量吸收、釋放和輻射的改變。針對(duì)重金屬脅迫的隱蔽性和穩(wěn)定性,以往監(jiān)測(cè)方法主要從光譜信息增強(qiáng)的角度提取作物外觀和葉片結(jié)構(gòu)變化特征,或從時(shí)間序列分析的角度分析生物量的變化規(guī)律,但很少?gòu)哪芰科胶獾慕嵌确治鲋亟饘倜{迫對(duì)水稻生理功能的影響。本文針對(duì)鎘脅迫的累積性、隱蔽性和穩(wěn)定性,結(jié)合水稻成熟期鎘脅迫下作物生理功能與生理要素相互作用的生理參數(shù),識(shí)別不同脅迫水平。本研究從重金屬脅迫影響機(jī)理入手分析驗(yàn)證田間尺度下鎘脅迫對(duì)水稻生理功能的影響。以高光譜可見(jiàn)光反射率和植被吸收光合有效輻射比例(Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation,FAPAR)為敏感參數(shù)從能量吸收的角度分析鎘脅迫對(duì)水稻光合作用的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)鎘脅迫會(huì)抑制水稻光能吸收,導(dǎo)致其反射率增強(qiáng)且FAPAR減弱。以冠氣溫差為敏感參數(shù)從能量輻射的角度分析鎘脅迫對(duì)水稻蒸騰作用的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)鎘脅迫會(huì)影響水稻冠層能量的釋放,導(dǎo)致冠層輻射能量增強(qiáng)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)水稻鎘脅迫大面積監(jiān)測(cè),本研究基于Landsat-8遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)反演水稻生理功能敏感參數(shù)。以可見(jiàn)光反照率和FAPAR探索和分析鎘脅迫對(duì)水稻光能吸收的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)鎘脅迫會(huì)影響水稻光能吸收,且與FAPAR能很好識(shí)別輕度鎘脅迫�；谀芰科胶饽Ｐ头囱菟菊趄v作用敏感參數(shù)和潛熱通量(latent heat flux,LE),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)鎘脅迫會(huì)抑制水稻蒸騰速率,且與LE能很好識(shí)別重度鎘脅迫。水稻能量吸收、釋放和輻射敏感參數(shù)只能區(qū)分兩種不同脅迫水平,為提高識(shí)別脅迫精度,本文引入特征協(xié)同方法,通過(guò)協(xié)同可見(jiàn)光反照率、FAPAR、和LE參數(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)構(gòu)建-LE特征空間和生理功能敏感指數(shù)Pf。結(jié)果顯示-LE特征空間對(duì)水稻不同脅迫(輕/中/重度脅迫)的區(qū)分準(zhǔn)確度分別為99%、88%、85%,Pf的區(qū)分準(zhǔn)確度分別為72.84%、78.95%、90.42%。根據(jù)大面積反演結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)重度鎘污染區(qū)域主要分布在湘江附近,隨著離湘江距離變大,水稻由重度鎘污染漸變?yōu)檩p度鎘污染。
[Abstract]:After heavy metal stress, the physiological and biochemical parameters of crops will change, and the energy absorption, release and radiation of crops will be changed. In the past monitoring methods were mainly used to extract the variation characteristics of crop appearance and leaf structure from the perspective of spectral information enhancement or to analyze the variation law of biomass from the point of view of time series analysis. However, the effects of heavy metal stress on physiological function of rice were seldom analyzed from the point of view of energy balance. The physiological parameters of interaction between crop physiological function and physiological factors under cadmium stress during rice maturity were analyzed. The effects of cadmium stress on physiological function of rice under field scale were verified by analyzing the mechanism of heavy metal stress. Hyperspectral visible light reflectance and the proportion of photosynthetic effective radiation absorbed by vegetation were used to study the effects of cadmium stress on rice physiological function. Fractionation of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active radiation (FAPARA) was used as a sensitive parameter to analyze the effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis of rice from the point of view of energy absorption. The results showed that CD stress could inhibit the absorption of light energy, increase the reflectivity and weaken the FAPAR of rice. The effect of CD stress on rice transpiration was analyzed from the perspective of energy radiation with canopy temperature difference as a sensitive parameter. The results showed that cadmium stress could affect the energy release of rice canopy and lead to the enhancement of canopy radiation energy. In order to realize the large-scale monitoring of rice cadmium stress, this study was based on Landsat-8 remote sensing image data. Using visible light albedo and FAPAR to explore and analyze the effect of cadmium stress on the light energy absorption of rice, the results showed that cadmium stress would affect the light energy absorption of rice. Based on energy balance model, rice transpiration sensitive parameters and latent heat flux latent heat fluxeles were retrieved. The results showed that cadmium stress could inhibit rice transpiration rate. The energy absorption, release and radiosensitivity parameters of rice can only be distinguished from two different stress levels. In order to improve the accuracy of stress identification, a characteristic synergistic method is introduced in this paper. Based on the synergistic visible light albedo (FAPARR), and the superiority of le parameters, we constructed the feature space of -LE and the physiological function sensitivity index Pf. the results showed that the accuracy of distinguishing between different stresses (light / medium / severe stress) of rice was as follows: -LE characteristic space. The accuracy of distinguishing PF is 72.84 and 78.95, respectively. According to the results of large area inversion, it is found that the heavily polluted areas of cadmium are mainly located near the Xiangjiang River. With the increase of distance from Xiangjiang River, rice gradually changed from heavy cadmium pollution to light cadmium pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X87

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