本文選題：城市河道　切入點：氮磷　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市河道是一個城市的標(biāo)志之一,它們不僅僅具有供應(yīng)水源、提供綠地、保護環(huán)境和開展旅游等生態(tài)功能,也是市民創(chuàng)造文體娛樂與親近自然的空間。隨著城市人口基數(shù)的不斷膨脹,工業(yè)化進程不斷加快,大量的生活污水排入河道,水體污染嚴重,其主要污染物是氮和磷。河道治理是一項復(fù)雜的工程,傳統(tǒng)的河道修復(fù)技術(shù)多以底泥疏浚、清水沖淤等異位修復(fù)方式為主,這些技術(shù)工程周期長、成本高,而且對河道生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞大,二次污染嚴重。為了避免傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)存在的缺陷,本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用人工模擬污染河道裝置,開展城市河道底泥修復(fù)工作的研究,其內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾點:(1)對嘉興市內(nèi)16條不同污染水質(zhì)的河道進行定期取樣檢測,構(gòu)建部分河道上覆水體和底泥中主要污染物指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫,為后期河道底泥修復(fù)工作提供理論支撐。(2)研究污染河道水體和底泥中各污染物濃度季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律及各指標(biāo)間相關(guān)性,挖掘超標(biāo)污染物之間隱藏的內(nèi)含關(guān)系。(3)基于以廢棄磚塊為主的組合覆蓋材料開展不同覆蓋厚度的原位覆蓋技術(shù)對污染底泥修復(fù)效果研究。(4)基于以金魚藻、苦草等沉水植物為優(yōu)勢植物群種開展不同種植密度的原位植物修復(fù)技術(shù)對污染底泥生態(tài)修復(fù)效果研究。通過以上研究,結(jié)果表明:(1)水體和底泥中污染物濃度變化呈現(xiàn)明顯的季節(jié)性特,而且各污染物間的變化相互影響,具有一定的相關(guān)性;(2)原位覆蓋修復(fù)可有效去除水體和底泥中的氮磷。水體中的TP、TN的凈化率分別為85.71%、85.71%,對底泥中TP、TN和NH3-N的凈化率分別為83.33%、28.3%、42.4%。覆蓋材料的鋪設(shè)厚度與抑制氮磷釋放作用大小成正比,鋪設(shè)厚度越大,抑制氮磷釋放的效果越顯著。本次實驗已鋪設(shè)5cm覆蓋材料的修復(fù)效果最好;(3)以金魚藻、苦草為材料的原位植物修復(fù)技術(shù)對水體中TN、TP和NH3-N的凈化率分別為74.62%、85.95%、87.5%,水生植物種植密度過大或過小都不利于對氮磷的去除,合理的種植密度既可以有效降解氮磷濃度,也可以實現(xiàn)資源利用最大化。相比傳統(tǒng)的異位修復(fù)技術(shù),原位修復(fù)技術(shù)對河體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞性更小、成本更低、凈化氮磷效率更快。通過此次對原位修復(fù)技術(shù)的研究,可以為后期城市河道治理和方案制定提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Urban watercourses are one of the symbols of a city. They have not only the ecological functions of supplying water, providing green space, protecting the environment and developing tourism. It is also a space for citizens to create recreation and to be close to nature. With the continuous expansion of the urban population base and the accelerating process of industrialization, a large amount of domestic sewage is discharged into the river, resulting in serious water pollution. The main pollutants are nitrogen and phosphorus. River management is a complex project. The traditional river restoration technology is mainly composed of sediment dredging, clear water scouring and silting and other ectopic restoration methods. These technologies have a long period of time and high cost. In order to avoid the defects of the traditional technology, this paper, based on the previous research, uses artificial simulation to pollute the river channel device, and carry out the research on the restoration of urban river channel sediment, in order to avoid the defects of the traditional technology. The contents mainly include the following points: 1) sampling and testing regularly on 16 river channels with different polluted water quality in Jiaxing City, and constructing a database of main pollutant indexes in the overlying water and sediment of some river courses. To provide theoretical support for the restoration of river sediment in the late stage.) to study the seasonal variation of pollutant concentration in polluted river water and sediment and the correlation between each index. Research on the effect of In-situ covering Technology with different thickness on the remediation effect of contaminated sediment based on the combination of waste bricks and Brick, based on goldfish algae. Studies on the effects of in-situ phytoremediation techniques with different planting densities on the ecological restoration of polluted sediment were carried out by submerged plants such as Acanthopsis chinensis as dominant plant species. The results show that the variation of pollutant concentration in water and sediment is seasonal, and the change of pollutants affects each other. In situ coverage and restoration can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water and sediment. The purification rate of TPN TN in water is 85.71and the purification rate of NH3-N is 83.3328.3% 42.4.The laying thickness and inhibition of the covering material are 85.71and 85.71respectively. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus release is proportional to that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The greater the laying thickness, the more significant the inhibition effect of nitrogen and phosphorus release. The in situ phytoremediation rate of TNF- TP and NH3-N in water was 74.62 and 85.95%, respectively. The high or too small planting density of aquatic plants was not conducive to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the reasonable planting density could effectively degrade the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. It can also maximize the utilization of resources. Compared with the traditional ectopic restoration technology, in situ restoration technology is less destructive to the river ecosystem, lower cost, and faster to purify nitrogen and phosphorus. It can provide theoretical basis for urban river regulation and scheme formulation in the later period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王斌;周亞平;;三種水生植物對模擬污水中氮、磷的生物凈化效果[J];湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2014年20期

2 孫映宏;;杭州城區(qū)河道水體及底泥污染指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2013年12期

3 魏善發(fā);;基于SPSS軟件分析上海市金山區(qū)地表水污染特征[J];中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測;2013年01期

4 張驥;高翔;周晶;;因子分析法在天津市主要河流水質(zhì)污染程度綜合評價中的應(yīng)用[J];安全與環(huán)境工程;2013年01期

5 王小燕;孫成渤;韓志慧;;金魚藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)對水中氮、磷去除效率初探[J];天津農(nóng)學(xué)院學(xué)報;2012年04期

6 徐f;李欣;鐘萍;劉正文;;苦草根系對硝氮和氨氮的吸收[J];生態(tài)科學(xué);2012年03期

7 左奇麗;李子燕;楊曉玲;劉開慶;杜亮;杜謹宏;邱莉;姜浩;;沉水植物對水中氮、磷的去除效果[J];化工進展;2012年01期

8 劉曉偉;謝丹平;李開明;金中;江棟;李明玉;;城市河道底泥污染生物修復(fù)技術(shù)研究[J];生態(tài)科學(xué);2011年06期

9 陳蕾;鄭西來;劉杰;;改性凹凸棒土覆蓋抑制底泥磷釋放的影響和效果[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2011年09期

10 張昕;塔娜;;沸石在污水處理中的應(yīng)用研究進展[J];工業(yè)水處理;2011年07期

，

本文編號：1574969