本文選題：海洋環(huán)境　切入點(diǎn)：海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)　出處：《中山大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為國內(nèi)海洋大市之一,江門有著得天獨(dú)厚的海洋資源優(yōu)勢。然而,在經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展的同時,各種海洋環(huán)境問題不斷出現(xiàn)。為了防止海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境繼續(xù)惡化,以及合理、可持續(xù)地利用海洋資源,本文探究了該地區(qū)海洋環(huán)境與海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀與相互關(guān)系,希望為江門和其它地區(qū)海洋環(huán)境與海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)與理論基礎(chǔ)。本研究利用文獻(xiàn)分析、實地調(diào)研、定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測、座談討論和實驗室分析等方法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集,運(yùn)用Excel 2010、SPSS 20.0和R語言3.3.3軟件處理分析數(shù)據(jù),并用環(huán)境庫茲涅茨(Environmental Kuznets Curve,EKC)模型對江門市海洋環(huán)境與海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系做進(jìn)一步的研究。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)江門市海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)總值不斷擴(kuò)大,海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷轉(zhuǎn)型升級。2015年江門市海洋生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)948.03億元,占全市生產(chǎn)總值的42.32%。全市海洋生產(chǎn)總值占比最大的前三位海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)為濱海旅游業(yè)(35.82%)、海洋生物醫(yī)藥業(yè)(24.87%)和海水利用業(yè)(14.73%)。(2)江門市海洋環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀2015年江門市近岸海域海水主要受無機(jī)氮和活性磷酸鹽污染。黃茅海全年無機(jī)氮濃度和活性磷酸鹽濃度幾乎都處于或超過海水水質(zhì)第四類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。廣海灣在春秋季主要污染物為無機(jī)氮,其濃度均為劣四類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。鎮(zhèn)海灣秋冬季受無機(jī)氮與活性磷酸鹽污染嚴(yán)重,處于或劣于海水水質(zhì)第四類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。川島海域秋季無機(jī)氮濃度為第四類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。近岸海域沉積物質(zhì)量良好。沉積物中的硫化物、鋅、汞、鉛、有機(jī)碳、石油類含量均滿足海洋沉積物第一類標(biāo)準(zhǔn);但沉積物中的砷含量為海洋沉積物第二類標(biāo)準(zhǔn);有些海域沉積物中鉻、銅、鎘的含量也為海洋沉積物第二類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。陸域污染源——潭江的COD、總氮、總磷排放總量在減少;對于海域污染源產(chǎn)生的氮磷污染,對蝦養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)生的污染負(fù)荷占比最大。(3)江門市近岸海域海洋環(huán)境容量江門市近岸海域COD的海洋環(huán)境容量較大。黃茅海崖門口區(qū)域石油類海洋環(huán)境容量也比較大,活性磷酸鹽和無機(jī)氮的容量非常小;廣海灣區(qū)域活性磷酸鹽和石油類海洋環(huán)境容量幾乎沒有,無機(jī)氮沒有環(huán)境容量;鎮(zhèn)海灣活性磷酸鹽和石油類海洋環(huán)境容量也幾乎沒有,無機(jī)氮完全沒有環(huán)境容量;川島區(qū)域,活性磷酸鹽海洋環(huán)境容量較大,無機(jī)氮和石油類幾乎沒有環(huán)境容量。(4)江門市海洋環(huán)境與海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系在江門EKC分析中,江門市環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線并非為典型的“倒U”型,而是“倒N”型。工業(yè)廢水年排放量與人均GDP的曲線已經(jīng)確定越過拐點(diǎn),目前處于工業(yè)廢水年排放量隨著人均GDP增加而減少的階段。但生活污水年排放量與人均GDP的擬合曲線在2014~2015年剛剛越過拐點(diǎn),此趨勢尚需時間去檢驗。政府有關(guān)部門需要加大環(huán)境政策的調(diào)控作用,推進(jìn)該曲線的下降趨勢。
[Abstract]:As one of the largest marine cities in China, Jiangmen has unique advantages in marine resources. However, while the economy is booming, all kinds of marine environmental problems continue to appear. In order to prevent the marine ecological environment from deteriorating and reasonable, In this paper, the present situation and relationship between the marine environment and the development of marine economy in this area have been explored in the light of the sustainable use of marine resources. We hope to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for the sustainable development of marine environment and marine economy in Jiangmen and other areas. Using Excel 2010 SPSS 20.0 and R language 3.3.3 software to process and analyze the data, The relationship between the marine environment and the marine economy in Jiangmen City is further studied with the Environmental Kuznets Kuznets EKC model. The main results are as follows: (1) the GDP of the marine economy in Jiangmen City is expanding. In 2015, Jiangmen City's marine product reached ninety-four billion eight hundred and three million yuan. The top three marine industries that account for the largest proportion of the city's marine output value are coastal tourism 35.82%, marine biology medicine and pharmaceutical industry 24.87) and sea water utilization industry 14.733. 2) the current situation of the marine environment in Jiangmen City, 2015, is the coastal sea area of Jiangmen City. The water was mainly polluted by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the whole year of Huangmaohai were almost in or above the standard of 4th kinds of seawater water quality. The main pollutant in Guangwan Bay was inorganic nitrogen in spring and autumn. Its concentration is the standard of water quality of inferior four kinds of seawater. The autumn and winter of Zhenhai Bay are polluted seriously by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. In or below the standard of 4th class of seawater quality. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen in autumn in the sea area of Sichuan Island is 4th kinds of standards of seawater water quality. The quality of sediment in the coastal area is good. The sulphide, zinc, mercury, lead, organic carbon in the sediment, The petroleum content all met the first standard of marine sediment; however, the arsenic content in the sediment was the second standard of marine sediment, and the chromium and copper in some marine sediments, The content of cadmium is also the second standard of marine sediment. The total emission of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from Tanjiang River, a source of pollution in the land, is decreasing; for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by pollution sources in the sea area, The marine environment capacity of Jiangmen coastal sea area COD of Jiangmen coastal sea area is large and the marine environmental capacity of petroleum type in Huangmao Haiyamen area is also large. The capacity of active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen is very small; the marine environmental capacity of active phosphate and petroleum is almost no, inorganic nitrogen has no environmental capacity, and the marine environmental capacity of active phosphate and petroleum is almost no. The relationship between marine environment and marine economy in Jiangmen City is studied by EKC analysis in Jiangmen City, where inorganic nitrogen and petroleum have no environmental capacity. The environmental Kuznets curve of Jiangmen City is not a typical "inverted U" type, but a "inverted N" type. The curve of annual discharge of industrial wastewater and per capita GDP has been determined to cross the inflection point. At present, the annual discharge of industrial wastewater decreases with the increase of per capita GDP. However, the fitting curve between the annual discharge of domestic sewage and the per capita GDP has just crossed the inflection point from 2014 to 2015. It will take time to test this trend. Government departments need to increase the regulatory role of environmental policies and push forward the downward trend of the curve.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P74;X55

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