本文選題：人工回灌　切入點(diǎn)：消毒劑　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來由于人類活動對地下水的過度開采,導(dǎo)致地下水位持續(xù)下降,出現(xiàn)地下水位降落漏斗、地裂縫、海水入侵等一系列環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題。人工回灌技術(shù)是有效恢復(fù)地下水位和控制環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題惡化的重要手段。然而由于擬回灌水源與回灌目標(biāo)含水層中的地下水在水化學(xué)組分上存在差異和回灌過程水動力場的變化,均會對回灌后地下水水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響。人工回灌技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用對地下水水質(zhì)的影響引起國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。擬回灌水源中消毒劑的存在與地下水中天然有機(jī)物反應(yīng)生成消毒副產(chǎn)物(DBPs),從而引起地下水水質(zhì)安全風(fēng)險。但長期以來,缺乏回灌水源中消毒劑的使用對地下水水質(zhì)影響的認(rèn)識,我國對于人工回灌過程中DBPs污染缺乏系統(tǒng)研究,消毒副產(chǎn)物在地下水中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制研究還有待于查明。因此,研究人工回灌條件下消毒副產(chǎn)物形成規(guī)律、遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制,為保障人工回灌過程中地下水安全提供必要的理論依據(jù)。本文以山東省水利科學(xué)研究院委托課題《壽光市引彌回灌和地下水庫建設(shè)工程可行性研究》為依托,以壽光彌河回灌試驗(yàn)場地為研究區(qū),在分析回灌場地的地質(zhì)、水文地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇次氯酸鈉作為擬回灌水源消毒劑,腐殖酸模擬地下水中有機(jī)物,選擇氯消毒副產(chǎn)物中檢出率最高、危害性最大的三氯甲烷作為重點(diǎn)監(jiān)測對象,通過開展形成機(jī)制實(shí)驗(yàn)、靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)、動態(tài)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),揭示DBPs三氯甲烷在人工回灌條件下的形成規(guī)律及遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制,通過建立三氯甲烷的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化數(shù)值模型和解析模型進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并確定回灌水源中有效氯濃度閾值。本次研究結(jié)果表明:1.水中有效氯與有機(jī)物腐殖酸反應(yīng)生成三氯甲烷不是瞬時完成的,生成量隨接觸時間的延長而增大最終趨于穩(wěn)定。當(dāng)水中有機(jī)物濃度一定(TOC=5mg/L或TOC=10mg/L),有效氯濃度范圍為0.25~4mg/L時,三氯甲烷的生成量與消毒劑投放量呈線性關(guān)系,有效氯濃度繼續(xù)增大,生成量趨于穩(wěn)定。此外三氯甲烷的生成潛力與水質(zhì)條件有關(guān),生成量隨p H的降低和離子強(qiáng)度的增大而減小,且水中二價陽離子的抑制作用大于一價陽離子。2.吸附動力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:擬二級動力學(xué)方程能較好地擬合回灌場地三種介質(zhì)(粉土、細(xì)砂、中粗砂)對三氯甲烷的吸附量隨時間的變化規(guī)律,吸附容量分別為2.22μg/g,1.57μg/g,1.40μg/g;等溫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的場地介質(zhì)對三氯甲烷的等溫吸附符合Freundlich模型,吸附能力為:粉土細(xì)砂中粗砂。3.生物降解實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,回灌場地三種含水層介質(zhì)(粉土、細(xì)砂、中粗砂)中,三氯甲烷的生物降解過程可用Monod方程來描述。三氯甲烷在三種含水層介質(zhì)中的衰減速率大小順序?yàn)?粉土細(xì)砂中粗砂,即隨著介質(zhì)粒徑的增大,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和微生物數(shù)量的降低,三氯甲烷的生物降解速率逐漸減小。此外,三種介質(zhì)對三氯甲烷的生物降解速率均隨初始濃度的增大而增大。4.結(jié)合場地水文地質(zhì)條件建立室內(nèi)動態(tài)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對回灌過程中三氯甲烷的遷移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究:(1)含水介質(zhì)對三氯甲烷遷移的影響細(xì)砂、中粗砂作為含水層介質(zhì)進(jìn)行土柱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)研究含水介質(zhì)類型對三氯甲烷遷移的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明三氯甲烷在中粗砂中的遷移能力大于細(xì)砂,主要是由于細(xì)砂的高比表面積提供了更多的吸附點(diǎn)位;此外,在相同達(dá)西流速條件下,孔隙流速隨孔隙度的增大而減小,使得三氯甲烷與介質(zhì)間的剪切力減小,吸附作用增強(qiáng),遷移能力減弱。(2)水化學(xué)條件對三氯甲烷遷移的影響回灌水源中消毒劑初始濃度影響三氯甲烷的遷移速度,隨著初始濃度的增大,流出液中三氯甲烷的相對濃度峰值增大。地下水中p H的降低,H+與三氯甲烷發(fā)生競爭吸附,隨著p H的增大,H+濃度降低,此時介質(zhì)對三氯甲烷的吸附作用增強(qiáng),不利于三氯甲烷的遷移;隨著離子強(qiáng)度的增大,金屬陽離子可以中和更多的負(fù)電荷,靜電作用力減弱,抑制三氯甲烷的遷移;此外,二價陽離子(Ca~(2+))對三氯甲烷影響大于一價陽離子(Na+),Ca~(2+)與含水層介質(zhì)作用形成鍵橋,使得介質(zhì)的吸附點(diǎn)位增多,促進(jìn)含水層介質(zhì)對三氯甲烷的吸附。(3)水動力條件對三氯甲烷遷移的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明三氯甲烷的遷移能力隨流速的增大而增大,降低了三氯甲烷在含水介質(zhì)中的滯留,且提高了釋放量。一方面,隨著流速的增大,三氯甲烷與多孔介質(zhì)的接觸時間減少,減少三氯甲烷與介質(zhì)的碰撞,使得吸附量降低;另一方面,流速的變化影響三氯甲烷與多孔介質(zhì)間的剪切力矩,隨著流速的增大,剪切力增大。5.根據(jù)場地水文地質(zhì)條件和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果構(gòu)建了回灌場地地下水中三氯甲烷的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化數(shù)值模型和解析模型,開展回灌場地距回灌井最近的監(jiān)測井中三氯甲烷的預(yù)測,預(yù)測結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)回灌水源有效氯濃度1mg/L時,高p H、低離子強(qiáng)度、高流速條件下三氯甲烷均有可能超過《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(60μg/L),通過解析模型確定當(dāng)監(jiān)測井濃度峰值不超過60μg/L時三氯甲烷的初始濃度,根據(jù)三氯甲烷的生成規(guī)律,預(yù)測回灌水源有效氯濃度限值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to excessive exploitation of human activities on groundwater, resulting in declining groundwater levels, underground water level drawdown funnel, ground fissures, seawater intrusion and a series of environmental and geological problems. Artificial recharge technology is an important means to effectively restore the underground water level and control the environmental geological problems of evil. However due to the recharge and recharge target of groundwater in water chemical component differences and recharge process of hydrodynamic field, both to recharge after the groundwater quality has certain effect. The widespread use of artificial recharge technology of underground water caused widespread concern of scholars at home and abroad. To recharge the natural organic matter the water disinfectant and the existence of underground water in reaction of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which caused the groundwater quality safety risk. But for a long time, the lack of recharge water source in the use of disinfectants Understanding the impact on groundwater quality, our country for the artificial pollution of DBPs irrigation process lacks system research, mechanism of migration and transformation of disinfection by-products in groundwater research remains to be identified. Therefore, research on formation of disinfection by-products in artificial recharge conditions, migration and transformation mechanism, to provide the necessary theoretical basis for the protection of artificial recharge. The safety of groundwater irrigation process. In this paper, Shandong Academy of water conservancy project commissioned in Shouguang City, MI recharge and lead < underground reservoir construction project feasibility study "as the basis, taking Shouguang Mi River recharge test site for the study area, the geological analysis of recharge area, based on the hydrogeological conditions, selection of sodium hypochlorite as to recharge water disinfectant, humic acid simulated organic compounds in groundwater, selection of chlorine disinfection by-products in the highest detection rate, the most harmful chloroform as the focus of the monitoring of elephant pass To carry out the formation mechanism of experiment, static test, dynamic simulation experiments revealed that the DBPs chloroform in the artificial formation mechanism of migration and transformation law under the irrigation condition, through the establishment of chloroform migration conversion of numerical and analytical models to predict and determine the concentration of effective chlorine water recharge threshold. The results of this study show that: 1. in water chlorine and organic matter humic acid formation of chloroform is not instantaneous, formation with the extension of exposure time increased and stabilized. When the concentration of organic matter in water (TOC=5mg/L or TOC=10mg/L), the effective chlorine concentration range is 0.25~4mg/L, production and delivery of chloroform disinfectant is a linear relationship between the concentration of effective chlorine, continue to increase in addition, production tends to be stable. Generating potential and water quality conditions related to the generation of chloroform, H and P decreased with increasing ionic strength. And two valence cations in water decreased, the inhibitory effect is greater than the experimental results showed that the adsorption kinetics of cation.2.: pseudo two order kinetic equation can better fit the recharge of three media site (silt, fine sand, coarse sand) variation of adsorption of chloroform with time, adsorption capacity of 2.22 g/g, 1.57 g/g, 1.40 g/g; isothermal adsorption experiment results show that the ground medium isothermal adsorption of chloroform with the Freundlich model, the adsorption capacity for silty sand sand.3. biodegradation experiment results show that the recharge site three aquifer (silt, fine sand, coarse sand) in the degradation process of Monod equation can be used to describe the chloroform in chloroform. Three kinds of aquifer medium attenuation rate size order: coarse silty fine sand, medium with the increase of particle size, organic matter content and microorganism Reduce the number of the biodegradation rate of chloroform decreased gradually. In addition, the biodegradation rate of three kinds of medium of chloroform were increased with the increasing initial concentration of.4. binding site hydrogeological conditions establish the indoor dynamic simulation experiment of recirculation migration process three methyl chloride were studied: (1) water medium to fine sand effects of trichloromethane migration, sand as aquifer medium soil column simulation experiments of aqueous media types on the effects of trichloromethane migration, the experimental results show that the migration ability of chloroform in the sand than in fine sand, fine sand is mainly due to the high surface area provides more adsorption; in addition, in the same Darcy flow conditions, pore velocity decreases with the increase of porosity, the shear stress of chloroform and the medium decreased, adsorption enhanced migration ability reduction Weak. (2) water chemical conditions on the effect of chloroform migration of recirculation water in the initial concentration of disinfectant migration velocity of chloroform, with the increase of the initial concentration, the relative concentration of the peak in the effluent of chloroform increased. Reducing the groundwater in P H, H+ could compete with chloroform, with increase of P H concentration, H+ the adsorption effect of medium on the lower chloroform increased, is not conducive to the migration of chloroform; with the increase of ionic strength, metal cations and more negative charge, electrostatic force weakened, inhibited migration of three methyl chloride; in addition, the two divalent cations (Ca~ (2+)) of chloroform effects than monovalent cations (Na+). Ca~ (2+) form a key bridge and aquifer medium, the adsorption medium level increase, promote the adsorption of aquifer media chloroform. (3) the hydrodynamic condition of chloroform migration. The experimental results show that the ring migration ability of chloroform increases with the increase of flow rate, reduce the retention chloroform in aqueous media, and increase the release amount. On the one hand, with the increase of flow rate, the contact time of chloroform and porous media decreased, reduce the collision of three methyl chloride and medium, the adsorption capacity is reduced; on the other on the one hand, the change of flow rate affect the shear torque between chloroform and porous media, with the increase of flow rate, shear stress of.5. increased according to the site hydrogeological conditions and laboratory experiment results of a numerical model and analytical model of migration in groundwater recharge chloroform site transformation, to carry out prediction of recharge recharge well away from the recent monitoring wells the chloroform, the prediction results show that when the recharge of effective chlorine concentration 1mg/L P, high H, low ionic strength, high velocity condition may exceed < chloroform The hygienic standard for drinking water > (60 mu g/L) was determined by analytical model. The initial concentration of trichloromethane was determined when the concentration of monitoring well did not exceed 60 g/L. According to the law of trichloromethane generation, the effective chlorine concentration limit of reflow water was predicted.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X523

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 ;Proportion of bromo-DBPs in total DBPs during reclaimed-water chlorination and its related influencing factors[J];Science in China(Series B:Chemistry);2008年10期

2 楚文海;高乃云;;飲用水新型N-DBPs類別及毒理學(xué)評價[J];現(xiàn)代化工;2009年02期

3 ;Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2012年07期

4 楊曉波;李慧;;灌溉模式對土壤中DOC及DBPs前驅(qū)物形成的影響[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2009年26期

5 CHALATIP Ratasuk;CHAWALIT Ratanatamskul;NOPAWAN Ratasuk;;Removal of haloacetic acids by nanofiltration[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2009年01期

6 張怡然;王啟山;王宏超;靳沖;李多;魯金鳳;;Orthogonal Experiments for Controlling the Formation of DBPs During Preozonation of Bromide-Containing Raw Water[J];Transactions of Tianjin University;2014年03期

7 田富箱;徐斌;榮蓉;陳英英;張?zhí)礻?朱賀振;;不同預(yù)氧化劑對長江原水氯(胺)化DBPs生成潛能的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2014年02期

8 張紹慧;陳釗;廖靜;魏巍;劉愛林;魯文清;;評價飲水DBPs致HepG2細(xì)胞損傷的2種試驗(yàn)方法[J];中國環(huán)境科學(xué);2010年02期

9 徐濤,肖賢明,劉紅英;飲用水氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物的分析檢測方法[J];環(huán)境污染與防治;2003年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 劉丹;人工回灌條件下地下水中DBPs的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制[D];吉林大學(xué);2017年

2 阮孟勇;太湖水源水DBPs形成特性研究及其去除工藝探索[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2014年

3 賴強(qiáng);水中V-DBPs的GC-MS/MS檢測方法開發(fā)及污水處理廠二級出水生成勢的研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2013年

4 熊宇晶;錢塘江水原水DBPs形成特性及前驅(qū)物去除工藝探索[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：1572335