本文選題：小球藻　切入點(diǎn)：大型蚤　出處：《天津理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大量化學(xué)品的濫用和各種化學(xué)污染物的隨意排放,致使城市景觀水體的污染日益嚴(yán)重,景觀水體的水質(zhì)安全研究則顯得尤為重要。本文旨在建立基于不同營養(yǎng)級生物毒性的測試方法,測試天津市多種水體的生物毒性,并結(jié)合TU值法、水質(zhì)安全分級評價和基于SSD曲線的生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價等方法,對不同水體進(jìn)行水質(zhì)安全評價,以期為水環(huán)境保護(hù)和水質(zhì)綜合評價指標(biāo)的制定提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支持。本研究以小球藻、大型蚤和發(fā)光菌分別代表生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者和分解者三個營養(yǎng)級,借助微孔板優(yōu)化小球藻生長抑制試驗和大型蚤致死試驗,建立不同營養(yǎng)級生物毒性測試方法。研究結(jié)果表明,使用孔板法后,實(shí)驗效率顯著提高,同時參照物的用量大大減少�？装宸y試Hg2+、Zn2+、苯酚對小球藻的EC50值和大型蚤的LC50值分別為1.10、2.25、240.70 mg/L和0.023、0.62、9.98 mg/L。Hg2+、Zn2+和苯酚對發(fā)光菌光強(qiáng)抑制的EC50值分別為0.028、0.19和38.30 mg/L。采集天津市某生態(tài)濕地公園、某人工生態(tài)濕地項目、某再生水廠、津河和獨(dú)流減河多個水體水樣對小球藻、大型蚤和發(fā)光菌的毒性測試結(jié)果分別為:0-22.66、0-11.34和0-23.50 mg/L EQCPhenol以及0-103.39、0-26.01和0-17μg/L EQCHg2+。生態(tài)濕地公園和人工生態(tài)濕地項目的潛流濕地處理工藝,以及再生水廠的RO處理工藝對水質(zhì)的凈化效果最好,水質(zhì)生物毒性下降明顯。津河從上游到下游的水質(zhì)生物毒性變化不大,且毒性較低。獨(dú)流減河從上游到下游的生物毒性較高,且呈逐漸增大趨勢,并入獨(dú)流減河的各種排污河加劇了水體的生物毒性。本研究結(jié)合TU值法、水質(zhì)安全分級評價和生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價對各水樣進(jìn)行水質(zhì)安全評價,并將各方法的評價結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析。TU值法的評價結(jié)果表明,各采樣點(diǎn)的平均TU值均小于0.4,屬于I類、無毒。在水質(zhì)安全分級評價中,基于EQCPhenol的水質(zhì)安全分級評價結(jié)果為:Z4、Z5、J1和J2均為A級,S3-S5、K3-K4、Z1-Z3、J3-J4和L1均為B級,S1-S2、K1-K2和L2-L5均為C級�；诒椒覵SD曲線的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價結(jié)果中,生態(tài)濕地公園進(jìn)水S1的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險為14.47%,出水S5降至2.46%,低于HC5;人工生態(tài)濕地項目進(jìn)水K1的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險為30.77%,出水K4的降至5.49%,接近HC5;再生水廠進(jìn)水Z1的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險為2.09%,出水Z5降為零;津河J1-J4的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險分別為0.58%、0.87%、0.99%和1.12%,均低于HC5;獨(dú)流減河L1-L5的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險分別為8.11%、13.80%、13.05%、15.06%和29.94%,均高于HC5,而且有逐漸增大的趨勢。各水樣的綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價結(jié)果與水質(zhì)安全分級評價等級之間有較好的相關(guān)性,綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險在10%-35%之間對應(yīng)的安全等級為C級;綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險在0.9%-10%之間對應(yīng)的安全等級為B級;綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險在0-0.9%之間對應(yīng)的安全等級為A級。水樣的DOC和UV254值均與生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價和水質(zhì)安全分級評價結(jié)果有較好的相關(guān)性,其中與UV254值的相關(guān)性更好,表明水體中水質(zhì)生物毒性可能與大分子有機(jī)物和芳香族化合物的存在有關(guān)�？傮w來看,同一采樣點(diǎn)對不同受試生物的毒性測試結(jié)果存在一定差異,基于不同營養(yǎng)級生物毒性的測試方法,可以深層次發(fā)掘生態(tài)保護(hù)過程中的潛在風(fēng)險,更加全面、綜合的評價水質(zhì)安全。3種水質(zhì)安全評價方法中,基于EQCPhenol的水質(zhì)安全分級評價方法和基于苯酚SSD曲線的生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價方法的評價效果較好,評價結(jié)果可以很好的表征天津市多種水體的水質(zhì)生物毒性差異,是對多種水體水質(zhì)安全評價的有效手段。
[Abstract]:Random discharge of a large number of chemicals and abuse of various chemical pollutants, resulting in city landscape water pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the landscape water safety research is particularly important. This paper aims to establish a test method based on different trophic level biological toxicity, biological toxicity test a variety of water in Tianjin City, and combined with the TU value method, water quality safety grade assessment based on the SSD curve and the ecological risk assessment methods for water quality and safety evaluation of different water bodies, with a view to the development of water environment protection and water quality comprehensive evaluation index to provide the basic data support. In this study, Chlorella, Daphnia and luminescent bacteria representing producers, consumers and decomposers three trophic levels, with the aid of micro plate optimization Chlorella lethal test test and Daphnia growth inhibition, the establishment of different trophic level biological toxicity test method. The results show that the orifice method after use At the same time, significantly improve the efficiency of experiment, reference bothdecreased. Well microtiter plate test Hg2+, Zn2+, EC50 and phenol on Chlorella Daphnia LC50 values were 1.10,2.25240.70 mg/L and 0.023,0.62,9.98 mg/L.Hg2+, Zn2+ and phenol on the luminescent bacteria inhibition intensity EC50 values were 0.028,0.19 and 38.30 mg/L. acquisition of an ecological wetland park in Tianjin City, an artificial wetland ecological project, a reclaimed water plant, Tianjin River and Duliujian River water samples of a plurality of Chlorella, Daphnia and the luminescent bacteria toxicity test were: subsurface wetland treatment process of 0-22.66,0-11.34 and 0-103.39,0-26.01 and mg/L and 0-23.50 EQCPhenol 0-17 g/L EQCHg2+. ecological wetland park and artificial wetland ecological projects, and a reclaimed water treatment process on RO water purification effect of the best water quality, biological toxicity decreased significantly. Tianjin River from upstream to downstream water quality Biological toxicity changes little, and the toxicity is low. Duliujian River from upstream to downstream biological toxicity, and increased gradually, all kinds of sewage into the river Duliujian River exacerbated the water biological toxicity. This study combined with TU value method, water quality and safety evaluation and ecological risk assessment of water quality and safety evaluation of all of the samples, and the evaluation method to evaluate the results of the comparative analysis of.TU value method. The results showed that the average sampling point TU values were less than 0.4, which belongs to the I class, non-toxic. In water quality safety evaluation, the evaluation results of EQCPhenol for water quality safety classification based on Z4, Z5, J1 and J2 are a, S3-S5, K3-K4, Z1-Z3, J3-J4 and L1 were B, S1-S2, K1-K2 and L2-L5 were grade C. Based on the comprehensive ecological risk of phenol SSD curve in the evaluation results, the comprehensive ecological risk ecological wetland park water S1 water is 14.47%, S5 to 2.46%, less than HC5; The comprehensive ecological risk of artificial wetland ecological water project of K1 is 30.77%, the effluent K4 decreased to 5.49%, close to HC5; the comprehensive ecological risk of reclaimed water influent Z1 is 2.09%, the effluent Z5 reduced to zero; the comprehensive ecological risk of Jinhe River J1-J4 were 0.58%, 0.87%, 0.99% and 1.12%, were lower than HC5; ecological risk Duliujian L1-L5 were 8.11%, 13.80%, 13.05%, 15.06% and 29.94%, were higher than that of HC5, but also has a gradually increasing trend. The comprehensive ecological risk assessment results of all samples have good correlation between water quality and safety grade assessment level, safety grade comprehensive ecological risk in 10%-35% and corresponding C for the security level; the general level of ecological risk in 0.9%-10% corresponding to the B level; the security level of integrated ecological risk in the 0-0.9% between the corresponding to a sample. DOC and UV254 were related to the ecological risk assessment of water quality and safety grade evaluation results are Good correlation, which has better correlation with the UV254 value of the biological toxicity in water may show that the water quality and high molecular weight organic compounds and aromatic compounds exist. Overall, the same sampling points of different different test results of biological toxicity testing methods, not with the biological toxicity of trophic level based on can the potential risk of deep excavation in the process of environmental protection more comprehensive, comprehensive evaluation of water quality and safety of.3 for water quality safety evaluation method, water quality and safety classification evaluation method and EQCPhenol ecological risk assessment evaluation method the effect of phenol SSD curve based on the evaluation results of water quality can be better based on the biological toxicity of good difference characterization of Tianjin variety water, is the effective means of evaluation of a variety of water quality safety.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X824;X835

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