本文選題：離子吸附型稀土礦山　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境效應(yīng)　出處：《地球?qū)W報(bào)》2017年03期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

【摘要】：本文以贛南典型稀土礦區(qū)為重點(diǎn)調(diào)查研究對(duì)象,以巖(礦)石-風(fēng)化殼-尾礦-水為系統(tǒng),采用多學(xué)科多方法協(xié)同,對(duì)離子吸附型稀土(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)iRee)資源開(kāi)采涉及到的水資源-環(huán)境效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。提出了對(duì)采礦過(guò)程中的環(huán)境效應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查、檢測(cè)、評(píng)估的工作方法體系,即:野外調(diào)查(S)—實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試(M)—特征分析(A)—指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建(I)—模型研究(M)—綜合評(píng)價(jià)(A),簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)SMAIMA工作法。自2011年以來(lái)連續(xù)6年分季度系統(tǒng)采集550多件樣品,積累了近3萬(wàn)個(gè)可靠數(shù)據(jù),為iRee礦區(qū)及周邊水質(zhì)采樣、特征分析、水污染源鑒別提供了依據(jù)。通過(guò)對(duì)iRee礦區(qū)及周邊地表水中REE及理化指標(biāo)時(shí)空變化特征的綜合分析,查明了污染的原因、途徑。建立了針對(duì)iRee礦區(qū)的水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,構(gòu)建了針對(duì)iRee礦區(qū)的水環(huán)境模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型。在水環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)贛南稀土礦區(qū)的環(huán)境特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建了包括自然地理、基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)、開(kāi)發(fā)占地以及地質(zhì)環(huán)境在內(nèi)4大類(lèi)、13小類(lèi)的二級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,首次研建了基于支持向量機(jī)(SVM)的iRee礦山環(huán)境效應(yīng)定量評(píng)價(jià)模型。運(yùn)用該評(píng)價(jià)模型,對(duì)龍南、安遠(yuǎn)、尋烏三個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的稀土礦區(qū)(以龍南代表重稀土礦區(qū)、以安遠(yuǎn)代表中稀土礦區(qū)、以尋烏代表輕稀土礦區(qū))的礦山環(huán)境進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)分級(jí),進(jìn)而提出了iRee礦山環(huán)境保護(hù)和治理恢復(fù)的對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the typical rare earth mining areas in south Jiangxi are taken as the focus of investigation and research, and the system of rock (ore) stone, weathered crust and tailings is taken as the system, and multi-disciplinary and multi-method cooperation is adopted. In this paper, the effects of water resources and environment related to ion adsorption rare earth (iRee) resource mining are systematically studied. A working method system for investigation, detection and evaluation of environmental effects in mining process is put forward. That is, field investigation, experimental test, characteristic analysis, index system construction, model study, comprehensive evaluation (SMAIMA) method. Since 2011, more than 550 samples have been collected in a quarterly system for six consecutive years, and nearly 30 000 reliable data have been accumulated. This paper provides a basis for sampling, characteristic analysis and identification of water pollution sources in and around iRee mining areas. The causes of pollution are found through the comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of REE and physicochemical indexes in iRee mining area and its surrounding surface water. The evaluation index system of water environment quality for iRee mining area is established, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water environment for iRee mining area is constructed. Based on the evaluation of water environment, the environmental characteristics of rare earth mining area in south Jiangxi are analyzed. A secondary evaluation index system including natural geography, basic geology, development land occupation and geological environment is further constructed. A quantitative evaluation model of iRee mine environment effect based on support vector machine (SVM) is developed for the first time. Using this model, three different types of rare earth mining areas, Longnan, Anyuan and Xunwu, are studied. Taking Anyuan as representative of middle rare earth mining area and Xunwu as light rare earth mining area, the comprehensive evaluation and classification of mine environment are carried out, and the countermeasures and suggestions for environmental protection and restoration of iRee mine are put forward.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院礦產(chǎn)資源研究所;中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)地球科學(xué)與資源學(xué)院;江西省贛南地質(zhì)調(diào)查大隊(duì);
【基金】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):201200010063;1212011220804;DD20160056;DD20160055;DD20160346) 中央公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):K1209)聯(lián)合資助~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X82
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本文編號(hào)：1570215