本文關(guān)鍵詞： LID技術(shù) 低影響開發(fā) 徑流削減體系 效能優(yōu)化 層次分析　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),快速增長(zhǎng)的不透水下墊面嚴(yán)重破壞了天然的水文機(jī)制,內(nèi)澇頻發(fā)、水體惡化、雨水資源浪費(fèi)等問題逐漸凸現(xiàn)出來(lái)。以快排為主的傳統(tǒng)雨水管理模式已經(jīng)不能滿足城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求,以源頭控制為核心的低影響開發(fā)(Low Impact Development,LID)模式開始在國(guó)內(nèi)盛行。但是現(xiàn)有的成果主要集中在單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)上,對(duì)徑流削減體系和方案優(yōu)化的研究尚有欠缺,因此,構(gòu)建LID技術(shù)徑流削減體系和開展效能優(yōu)化研究就顯得十分必要和迫切。本研究首先對(duì)現(xiàn)有的LID技術(shù)進(jìn)行分類后總結(jié)出各單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)的徑流削減理論公式,再與給出的單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)的參數(shù)范圍構(gòu)成一套完整的LID技術(shù)徑流削減體系。其次,針對(duì)典型LID技術(shù)開展現(xiàn)場(chǎng)中試試驗(yàn),將實(shí)際值與公式計(jì)算的理論值對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證徑流削減體系的可靠性。最后,基于層次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP),以LID技術(shù)的不同效能為準(zhǔn)則,選出最優(yōu)效能的LID組合方案。得出如下結(jié)果:(1)歸納總結(jié)了LID技術(shù)參數(shù),建立了12項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)對(duì)徑流削減量的理論公式;根據(jù)單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)的徑流削減公式分析,給出了單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)徑流削減率的參數(shù)范圍,建立了完整的LID徑流削減體系。(2)土壤滲透實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:上海多數(shù)功能區(qū)的表層土滲透性很差,滲透速率在10~(-6)m/s以下;人工配土在砂土比2:3的情況下,滲透速率達(dá)到3.5×10~(-6)m/s,符合一般滲透設(shè)施的要求。植草溝、下凹式綠地、高位花壇試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:植草溝對(duì)小降雨強(qiáng)度的徑流控制效果較好,在1a重現(xiàn)期、1%坡度的條件下,削減率可達(dá)到68.24%;下凹式綠地對(duì)徑流集蓄作用顯著,15cm下凹深度時(shí),5a重現(xiàn)期以下的降雨不產(chǎn)生徑流;砂壤土基質(zhì)的高位花壇對(duì)雨水滯蓄效果最好,平均削減率為76.77%,壤土次之為45.31%,粉土最差為17.88%。(3)利用典型LID技術(shù)的試驗(yàn)參數(shù)率定了徑流削減理論公式,結(jié)果表明:削減率的實(shí)際值和理論值相差最大為14.23%,最小為0.73%,總體差異不顯著,LID技術(shù)徑流削減體系具有顯著的可靠性。(4)對(duì)單項(xiàng)LID技術(shù)的徑流控制、污染控制、建設(shè)費(fèi)用、管理費(fèi)用和景觀效益五個(gè)效能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化和歸一化,建立了LID技術(shù)效能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系;采用層次分析法確定了以上五種效能的權(quán)重分別為0.460,0.164,0.286,0.058和0.033。本研究構(gòu)建了完整的LID技術(shù)徑流削減體系,并通過了中試試驗(yàn)參數(shù)率定;在得出LID技術(shù)效能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)值和不同效能權(quán)重值的基礎(chǔ)上,優(yōu)化選擇了最佳LID組合設(shè)計(jì)方案。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the rapid growth of impermeable underlying surface seriously damaged the natural hydrological mechanism, frequent waterlogging, water deterioration, The problems of Rain Water's waste of resources have gradually come to the fore. The traditional Rain Water management model, which is dominated by fast scheduling, can no longer meet the requirements of sustainable urban development. The low Impact Development (low Impact Development) model with the core of source control has become popular in China. However, the existing achievements are mainly focused on single LID technology, and the research on runoff reduction system and scheme optimization is still lacking. It is very necessary and urgent to construct the runoff reduction system of LID technology and to carry out the research of efficiency optimization. Firstly, the paper classifies the existing LID technology and summarizes the theoretical formula of runoff reduction for each individual LID technology. Then the parameter range of the given single LID technology constitutes a complete runoff reduction system of LID technology. Secondly, the field pilot test for typical LID technology is carried out, and the actual value is compared with the theoretical value calculated by the formula. The reliability of runoff reduction system is verified. Finally, based on Analytic Hierarchy process AHP, based on different efficiency of LID technology, the optimal efficiency LID combination scheme is selected. The following results are obtained: 1) the technical parameters of LID are summarized and summarized. Based on the analysis of runoff reduction formula of single LID technique, the parameter range of runoff reduction rate of single LID technique is given. A complete LID runoff reduction system was established. The results show that the permeability of surface soil in most functional areas of Shanghai is very poor, the permeability rate is below 10 ~ (-6) m / s, and the ratio of sand to soil is 2: 3. The permeation rate is 3.5 脳 10 ~ (-6) m / s, which accords with the requirements of general osmotic facilities. The experimental results of planting grass trenches, concave green spaces and high flowerbeds show that the effect of planting grass ditches on runoff control of small rainfall intensity is better, and under the condition of 1% slope during the recurrence period of 1 year, The reduction rate can reach 68.24, the effect of concave green space on runoff accumulation and storage is significant (15cm) and the rainfall below the recurrence period of 5a does not produce runoff, and the high flowerbed of sandy loam soil has the best effect on Rain Water's stagnant storage. The average reduction rate is 76.7777, the loam is 45.31, and the silt is 17.888.The theoretical formula of runoff reduction is established by using the experimental parameters of typical LID technique. The results show that the difference between the actual value and the theoretical value of the reduction rate is 14.23 and 0.73 respectively, and the overall difference is not significant. The runoff reduction system of lid technology has significant reliability. It has significant effects on the runoff control, pollution control and construction cost of single LID technology. The management cost and landscape benefit are quantified and normalized, and the evaluation index system of LID technical effectiveness is established. The weights of the above five kinds of efficiency were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to be 0.460 ~ 0.1640.286 ~ 0.058 and 0.033 respectively. In this study, a complete runoff reduction system of LID technology was constructed, and the parameter rate of the pilot test was determined. On the basis of getting the index value of LID technical effectiveness evaluation and the different efficiency weight value, the optimal LID combination design scheme is optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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