本文關鍵詞： 生態(tài)健康 多指標綜合評價法 水質 營養(yǎng)鹽 藻類 大型底棲動物　出處：《遼寧大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：人類文明起源于河流,河流像母親一樣一代又一代的滋養(yǎng)、哺育著廣袤大地上的人們,生生不息,薪薪相傳,為人類發(fā)展提供了無價的資源和服務。然而,在探索發(fā)展中,犧牲環(huán)境發(fā)展經(jīng)濟使得流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)屢遭破壞,河流功能性大幅下滑,生態(tài)健康問題日益凸顯。隨著環(huán)保意識的逐漸提高,河流逐漸恢復的過程中,水生態(tài)健康評價成為流域整體性能的重要參考。探尋適用我國的河流健康評價方法,加強流域生態(tài)健康的修復,不僅對河流狀況的判斷提供明確的數(shù)據(jù)支撐,也為決策者制定流域管理政策提供科學依據(jù),同時有助于河流更長遠的有序管理和生態(tài)建設。本次研究基于遼河流域遼寧省段共設置65個監(jiān)測斷面,于2014年6月對各監(jiān)測斷面進行水質和生物樣品的采集,構建包括水質、營養(yǎng)鹽、著生藻類和大型底棲動物四大類型共15項二級指標的綜合指標體系,對樣品進行分析和指標數(shù)據(jù)的采集。在進行指標基礎評價的同時,通過多指標綜合分析評價法進行流域水生態(tài)健康的得分計算,評價結果采用彩色多邊形表征并最終繪制生態(tài)健康報告卡直觀表示各斷面的綜合生態(tài)健康狀況及流域的整體健康情況。評價結果顯示,遼河流域監(jiān)測的65個斷面中：水質指標基礎評價Ⅰ類2個,Ⅱ類6個,Ⅲ類6個,Ⅳ類31個,Ⅴ類7個,劣Ⅴ 10個。全流域指標平均數(shù)評價為Ⅳ類；底棲指標多樣性評價主要為“較差”到“一般",藻類指標多樣性評價“一般”到“良好”；綜合水生態(tài)健康評價中, “健康”點位19個, “一般”點位32個, “較差”12個,“極差”1個(另一個點位無數(shù)據(jù))；整體水質得分0.741,營養(yǎng)鹽得分為0.401,底棲動物得分0.307,藻類得分0.631,遼河流域健康評價整體綜合平均得分為0.522,為“一般”狀態(tài)。最后在展望中提出下一步內容。
[Abstract]:Human civilization originates from rivers, which are nurtured from generation to generation like mothers, and feed the people of the vast land. They provide invaluable resources and services for human development. Sacrificing the environment to develop the economy causes the river basin ecosystem to be destroyed repeatedly, the function of the river drops by a large margin, the ecological health problem becomes more and more prominent. With the gradual improvement of the consciousness of environmental protection, the river gradually recovers. The evaluation of water ecological health has become an important reference for the overall performance of the river basin. To explore suitable methods for river health assessment in China and to strengthen the restoration of the ecological health of the river basin not only provide clear data support for the judgement of river condition, It also provides scientific basis for decision makers to formulate watershed management policies, and is helpful to the long-term orderly management and ecological construction of rivers. This study is based on 65 monitoring sections set up in Liaoning section of the Liaohe River Basin. In June 2014, the water quality and biological samples were collected from each monitoring section, and a comprehensive index system of 15 secondary indexes including water quality, nutrients, macrobenthic algae and macrobenthos was constructed. Analysis of samples and collection of index data. At the same time of basic evaluation of indicators, the score of watershed water ecological health was calculated by multi-index comprehensive analysis and evaluation method. The evaluation results were represented by color polygons and the ecological health report cards were drawn to visualize the comprehensive ecological health status of each section and the overall health situation of the watershed. Among the 65 sections monitored in the Liaohe River Basin, the basic evaluation of water quality index was 2 in class 鈪，

本文編號：1543121