本文關(guān)鍵詞： 乳化含油廢水 聚偏氟乙烯 超濾膜 氧化石墨烯 抗污染改性　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：冶金、化工、機(jī)械加工等行業(yè)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的含油廢水,若對(duì)含油廢水不進(jìn)行處理直接排放,其流入海洋湖泊等水體中則嚴(yán)重影響人體健康及動(dòng)植物的生長(zhǎng)。乳化含油廢水是含油廢水中最難處理的一種,油滴表面雙電層體系使其性質(zhì)非常穩(wěn)定,冷軋、金屬萃取及石油開(kāi)采過(guò)程中則直接產(chǎn)生大量的乳化含油廢水。超濾膜分離技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)破乳法相比,分離效率高、操作簡(jiǎn)便、油品可回收。然而油滴在膜表面和膜孔內(nèi)吸附沉積造成的膜污染嚴(yán)重制約了超濾膜在實(shí)際處理含油廢水工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用。氧化石墨烯(GO)因其高的比表面積和豐富的親水性基團(tuán)被廣泛用于膜材料改性來(lái)提高膜的抗污染性能。但是GO在膜基質(zhì)中極易聚集,這不但使GO優(yōu)異性能得不到充分的發(fā)揮,而且也會(huì)對(duì)膜結(jié)構(gòu)和性能產(chǎn)生不利影響。本論文選取絡(luò)氨酸(Tyr)、N-(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺三乙酸鈉(EDTS)及殼聚糖(CS)三種親水性物質(zhì),在合適的條件下與GO發(fā)生反應(yīng)制備了不同的功能化氧化石墨烯(F-GO),并且對(duì)GO功能化前后的化學(xué)成分、形貌結(jié)構(gòu)及分散性進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)分析。結(jié)果表明經(jīng)Tyr、EDTS及CS功能化后,GO規(guī)則的片層累積結(jié)構(gòu)被破壞,形成了一種不同片層朝向的無(wú)序結(jié)構(gòu),減弱了GO片層之間的π-π相互作用,增強(qiáng)了其分散性。本論文還通過(guò)共混的方式制備了Tyr-GO、EDTS-GO及CS-GO改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超濾膜,系統(tǒng)考察了不同F(xiàn)-GO添加量對(duì)PVDF超濾膜結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的影響。結(jié)果表明PVDF超濾膜的親水性、孔隙率、水通量隨著F-GO添加量的增加呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。Tyr-GO最佳添加量為1.5%,此時(shí)膜的純水通量達(dá)到684.49 L/m2·h,油截留率達(dá)到94.63%;EDTS-GO的最佳添加量為0.5%,此時(shí)膜的純水通量達(dá)到711.23 L/m2·h,油截留率達(dá)到93.87%;CS-GO的最佳添加量為0.6%,此時(shí)膜的純水通量達(dá)到737.18 L/m2·h,油截留率達(dá)到91.67%。本論文進(jìn)一步對(duì)F-GO改性的PVDF超濾膜和GO改性的PVDF超濾膜以及純的PVDF超濾膜處理乳化含油廢水的性能進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明在處理乳化含油廢水過(guò)程中,Tyr-GO的添加使純PVDF膜的通量提高了84.47%,使GO/PVDF膜的通量提高了38.46%;EDTS-GO的添加使純PVDF膜的通量提高了78.96%,使GO/PVDF膜的通量提高了47.83%;CS-GO的添加使純PVDF膜的通量提高了80%,使GO/PVDF膜的通量提高了45.16%。而且Tyr-GO、EDTS-GO及CS-GO改性的PVDF膜的通量恢復(fù)率和可逆通量衰減率明顯高于PVDF膜和GO改性的PVDF膜,這表明經(jīng)Tyr、EDTS及CS修飾后的GO改性的PVDF膜比未經(jīng)修飾的GO改性的PVDF膜具有更強(qiáng)的處理乳化含油廢水的性能。
[Abstract]:Metallurgical, chemical, mechanical and other industries will produce a large amount of oily wastewater. If the oily wastewater is not treated directly, The emulsified oily wastewater is one of the most difficult to treat in the oily wastewater, and the double-layer system of oil droplet surface makes its properties very stable and cold rolled. In the process of metal extraction and petroleum extraction, a large amount of emulsified oily wastewater is produced directly. Compared with the traditional chemical demulsification method, the ultrafiltration membrane separation technology has high separation efficiency and simple operation. Oil can be recovered. However, membrane fouling caused by adsorption and deposition of oil droplets on membrane surface and in membrane pore seriously restricts the application of ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of oily wastewater. Hydrophilic groups are widely used in the modification of membrane materials to improve the antifouling properties of membranes. This not only makes the excellent performance of go not fully play, but also has a negative impact on the structure and properties of the membrane. In this paper, three hydrophilic substances, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediamine triacetate (EDTS) and chitosan (CSS), are selected as hydrophilic substances. Different functionalized graphene oxide F-GOA was prepared by reaction with go under suitable conditions, and the chemical constituents before and after go functionalization were studied. The morphology and dispersity were examined and analyzed. The results showed that the accumulated lamellar structure of the go rule was destroyed after Tyr-EDTS and CS functionalization, resulting in a disordered structure with different lamellar orientation, which weakened the 蟺-蟺 interaction between go lamellae. In this thesis, Tyr-GOG EDTS-GO and CS-GO modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared. The effects of different F-GO contents on the structure and properties of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were systematically investigated. The results showed that the PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were hydrophilic. Porosity, With the increase of F-GO addition, the water flux increased first and then decreased. The optimum addition amount of Tyr-GO was 1.5. The pure water flux of the membrane reached 684.49 L / m ~ 2 路h, the oil retention reached 94.63% EDTS-GO and the optimum addition amount was 0.5. The pure water flux of the membrane reached 711.23. L- / m ~ 2 路h, the oil rejection rate reached 93.87g / L ~ (S-GO) and the optimum addition amount was 0.6.The pure water flux of the membrane was 737.18 L / m ~ (2) 路h, and the oil rejection rate was 91.67. In this thesis, F-GO modified PVDF ultrafiltration membrane, go modified PVDF ultrafiltration membrane and pure PVDF ultrafiltration membrane were further used to treat emulsion. The results showed that the addition of Tyr-GO increased the flux of pure PVDF membrane by 84.47, and the flux of GO/PVDF membrane increased by 38.46EDTS-GO, and the flux of pure PVDF membrane increased by 78.96%. The flux of GO/PVDF membrane increased by 47.83%, the flux of pure PVDF membrane increased by 80% and the flux of GO/PVDF membrane increased by 45.16.The flux recovery rate and reversible flux attenuation rate of PVDF membrane modified by Tyr-GOEDTS-GO and CS-GO were obviously higher than those of PVDF membrane and PVDF membrane modified by go. The results show that the modified PVDF membrane modified by Tyrn EDTS and CS has better performance in treating emulsified oily wastewater than the PVDF membrane modified by PVDF without modification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893;X703

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