本文關鍵詞： 礦化垃圾 多環(huán)芳烴 菲 濃度 作用機制 微生物多樣性　出處：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：由于各種礦物燃料、木材、紙和其他含碳氫化合物的不完全燃燒以及石油在開采、生產(chǎn)和運輸過程中的泄露使得土壤中的多環(huán)芳烴增多,多環(huán)芳烴在土壤中具有穩(wěn)定性高、降解性難、毒性強、具積累效應等特征而受到環(huán)境科學研究工作者的廣泛關注。同時,礦化垃圾具有松散的結構、較好的水力傳導性能和數(shù)量龐大的微生物,是一種優(yōu)良的生物介質,因此,把礦化垃圾用于多環(huán)芳烴污染土壤修復具有較好的應用前景及現(xiàn)實意義。本文以人工配制的菲污染土壤為對象研究了礦化垃圾強化微生物修復不同濃度菲污染土壤的效果,并通過設置自然降解對照、添加滅菌礦化垃圾對照及添加營養(yǎng)物質對照研究了礦化垃圾強化微生物修復菲污染土壤的作用機制,主要的研究結果如下:1.濃度試驗表明:添加礦化垃圾后,①菲污染土壤中總微生物量隨時間先迅速增力加,從第13d開始降低,最后較為穩(wěn)定,當土壤中菲的濃度在50～400mg/kg時,總微生物量和土壤中菲的濃度沒有明顯相關性;②土壤中多酚氧化酶活性隨時間先降低,在修復的第39d時略有上升,然后又降低,最后較為穩(wěn)定,當土壤中菲的濃度在50～400mg/kg時多酚氧化酶活性和土壤中菲濃度沒有明顯相關性;③不同濃度下小麥種子的發(fā)芽率相差不大,均在75%～95%之間;不同菲濃度土壤中小麥根伸長抑制率、芽伸長抑制率差距較小,說明在菲濃度為50～400mg/kg之間土壤生態(tài)毒性受土壤中菲含量影響較小。④對菲的降解動力學進行模擬后可以得出不同濃度下菲的降解速率相差不大,降解常數(shù)在0.434～0.637之間,菲濃度為50～400mg/kg菲的降解速率和土壤中菲的濃度沒有明顯相關性。⑤當土壤中菲濃度低于400mg/kg時,礦化垃圾在修復高濃度菲土壤有較好的優(yōu)勢。2.機理試驗表明:①添加礦化垃圾和添加滅菌礦化垃圾的土壤其微生物總量明顯高于自然降解土壤,說明礦化垃圾的加入能夠促進土壤中微生物的生長;②添加礦化垃圾后在修復的前39d 土壤中的微生物由于競爭會使與多酚氧化酶相關的微生物活性降低,在修復的第49d后,添加礦化垃圾土壤中的多酚酶活性更高;③經(jīng)過修復后,添加礦化垃圾的土壤中土壤生態(tài)毒性改善比未添加礦化垃圾的土壤好;④通過模擬得出的降解動力學方程可以看出添加滅菌礦化垃圾土壤中菲的降解速率最大,其次是添加礦化垃圾的土壤和添加營養(yǎng)物質的土壤,最后是自然降解土壤,說明礦化垃圾促進菲降解與其所含的營養(yǎng)物質有關。⑤從微生物多樣性可以看出,添加礦化垃圾后菲污染土壤中細菌和真菌的數(shù)量分別提高了 2.75倍和8.92倍;細菌chaol指數(shù)增加了 0.78倍、Shannon指數(shù)增加了 0.20倍,說明細菌物種豐富度和群落多樣性均有所提高;真菌chaol指數(shù)減小了 0.44倍、Shannon指數(shù)減小了 0.53倍,說明真菌的物種豐富度和群落多樣性均有所降低。通過以上強化效果和作用機制的分析,可以為礦化垃圾強化微生物修復多環(huán)芳烴提供理論基礎和技術支持。
[Abstract]:Due to a variety of fossil fuels, wood, paper and other hydrocarbons containing incomplete combustion and oil leakage in the mining, production and transportation of the PAHs in soil increased, PAHs in the soil has high stability, degradation of hard, strong toxicity, wide attention has accumulated features effect by environmental workers scientific research. At the same time, aged refuse has a loose structure, good hydraulic conductivity and large number of microorganisms, is an excellent biological medium, therefore, the mineralized refuse for PAHs pollution has a good application prospect and practical significance. Based on the artificial soil remediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil as research object the aged refuse enhanced microbial remediation effect of different concentrations of phenanthrene contaminated soil, and by setting up the natural degradation control, add sterilization and nutrition adding mineralized waste control Material control study of mineralized refuse mechanism enhanced bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil. The main results are as follows: 1. showed concentration test: adding mineralized refuse, total microbial 1 of phenanthrene polluted soil with time rapidly enlarge, from the 13D began to decrease, finally more stable, when the soil phenanthrene concentration in 50 ~ 400mg/kg, there was no significant correlation between the concentration of total microbial biomass and soil phenanthrene; polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil with time first decreased and increased slightly in the 39d repair, and then decreased, finally more stable when the concentration of phenanthrene in soil in 50 ~ 400mg/kg and polyphenol oxidase activity in soil there was no significant correlation between the concentration of phenanthrene; the different concentration of wheat seed germination rate had little difference, both in the 75% to 95%; the concentration of soil phenanthrene in different wheat root elongation rate, bud elongation inhibition rate than the gap Small, in the phenanthrene concentration between 50 ~ 400mg/kg soil ecological toxicity affected by phenanthrene content in soil is smaller. The degradation kinetics of phenanthrene was simulated that the degradation rates of phenanthrene degradation under different concentrations had little difference, constant was 0.434 ~ 0.637, 50 ~ 400mg/kg for phenanthrene concentration of phenanthrene degradation rate and soil the Philippines has no obvious correlation. When the phenanthrene concentration in soil is lower than 400mg/kg, aged refuse test showed advantages of.2. in good repair mechanism of high concentration of soil phenanthrene: addition of mineralized refuse and add sterilization of mineralized refuse soil microbial amount was significantly higher than that of natural degradation of soil, indicating that addition of mineralized refuse can promote soil microbial the growth of the aged refuse; add in the repair of 39d soil microorganisms due to competition will make the microbial activity associated with polyphenol oxidase decreased in The 49D repair after adding polyphenol enzyme activity in the soil mineralized waste is higher; and after repair, adding mineralized refuse in soil to improve soil ecological toxicity than add mineralized waste of good soil; the degradation kinetic equation obtained by simulation shows that adding degradation rate of sterilization of aged refuse soil phenanthrene maximum secondly, adding mineralized refuse and soil nutrients in the soil, the last is the natural degradation of soil nutrients, that mineralized refuse phenanthrene degradation related. From the microbial diversity can be seen, after adding mineralized waste of bacteria and fungi in phenanthrene contaminated soil were increased by 2.75 times and 8.92 times bacteria; chaol index increased 0.78 times, Shannon index increased 0.20 times, that the bacterial species richness and community diversity were improved; fungal chaol index decreased by 0.4 4 times, the Shannon index decreased by 0.53 times, indicating that the species richness and community diversity of fungi were all reduced. Through the analysis of the above enhancement effect and mechanism, it can provide theoretical basis and technical support for strengthening microbial remediation of PAHs in aged refuse.

【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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