本文關(guān)鍵詞： 圍填海 重金屬污染 污染現(xiàn)狀 潛在危害 優(yōu)先格局　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類圍填海活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和范圍的不斷增加,濱海區(qū)域在過去幾十年里的所面臨的重金屬污染問題日益嚴(yán)峻。重金屬污染擁有潛伏性、較差的移動(dòng)性和較長(zhǎng)的滯留時(shí)間,它能夠致使土壤質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降,破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的良性循環(huán),對(duì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成較大威脅,甚至嚴(yán)重危害人類的生存,長(zhǎng)期以來倍受環(huán)境學(xué)家的關(guān)注。而作為我國(guó)重要濕地資源的鹽城濱海區(qū)域,其土壤的重金屬污染問題更是得到了全球范圍內(nèi)的廣泛關(guān)注。本研究在探討鹽城濱海區(qū)域由圍填海所產(chǎn)生的不同土地利用類型(自然棲息地(NH),堤壩圍封(ER),農(nóng)田(FL),水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖塘(AP)和工業(yè)區(qū)(IH))中重金屬Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn污染現(xiàn)狀(全量和污染評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù))的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用有效性系數(shù)和釋放率兩個(gè)指標(biāo)分析這些元素的潛在危害。同時(shí)本文還采用ArcGIS軟件對(duì)重金屬污染進(jìn)行空間插值,并與該區(qū)域的生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值相結(jié)合,運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法篩選出既具有較高生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值又具有較輕重金屬污染的區(qū)域作為重金屬污染控制的優(yōu)先區(qū)域,進(jìn)而確定重金屬污染控制的優(yōu)先格局,旨在為鹽城濱海區(qū)域的開發(fā)利用和土壤重金屬污染的綜合治理提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀方面,ER,AP,FL和IH中重金屬元素的全量大多比NH中的對(duì)應(yīng)濃度要高,特別是ER和FL中的Cd,AP,FL和IH中的Cu,AP和FL中的Pb以及FL和IH中的Zn,其全量均顯著高于NH中的對(duì)應(yīng)濃度。同時(shí),重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)的分析表明,雖然四種重金屬元素在各土地利用類型中均呈現(xiàn)出未污染的狀態(tài),但是圍填�；顒�(dòng)仍對(duì)FL和ER中的Cd,AP,FL和IH中的Cu,AP和FL中的Pb以及FL和IH中的Zn的污染程度產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。(2)對(duì)于重金屬的潛在危害而言,大多數(shù)重金屬元素在這五種土地利用類型中的潛在危害都比較低,但是AP,FL中的Cd和ER中的Cu的有效性系數(shù)以及AP中的Cd和Zn的釋放率都顯著高于NH中的對(duì)應(yīng)指標(biāo),特別是Cd,其有效性系數(shù)在FL(33%)和AP(32%)中甚至超過了 30%,這可能與這兩個(gè)土地利用類型中相對(duì)較低的土壤pH和MnO的含量有關(guān)。(3)對(duì)于重金屬污染的空間分布而言,其呈現(xiàn)出明顯的南部區(qū)域小于北部區(qū)域的趨勢(shì),這可能與當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粭l件和人為活動(dòng)的干擾有關(guān)。此外,在重金屬污染控制的優(yōu)先格局方面,這些優(yōu)先區(qū)域主要集中在北部的丹頂鶴自然保護(hù)區(qū)和射陽(yáng)鹽場(chǎng)以及南部的大豐麋鹿自然保護(hù)區(qū),四卯酉閘和梁垛河閘周邊的自然濕地和養(yǎng)殖塘等區(qū)域。這些區(qū)域具有較高的生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值并且受到的重金屬污染較輕,應(yīng)在濱海區(qū)域重金屬污染的治理及其土地利用等方面得到較多關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:With the increasing intensity and scope of human reclamation activities, the problem of heavy metal pollution in coastal areas has become increasingly serious in the past decades. Heavy metal pollution has latent, poor mobility and long stay time. It can cause a serious decline in soil quality, destroy the virtuous circle of ecosystems, pose a great threat to the sustainable development of society, and even seriously endanger the survival of mankind. For a long time, it has attracted the attention of environmentalists. As an important wetland resource of our country, Yancheng coastal area, The problem of heavy metal pollution in the soil has been paid more and more attention in the whole world. In this study, the different land use types (NH ~ (2 +)) produced by reclamation in the coastal area of Yancheng City (natural habitat), embankment enclosure (ERA), farmland flurries (FL) were studied. On the basis of the pollution status (total quantity and pollution evaluation index) of heavy metal CD ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Zn in aquiculture ponds (APL) and industrial area (IHN), The potential harm of these elements was analyzed by using the efficiency coefficient and release rate. At the same time, the ArcGIS software was used to carry out spatial interpolation of heavy metal pollution and combined with the ecological service value of the region. The region with high ecological service value and light heavy metal pollution was selected as the priority area for heavy metal pollution control by using the method of geostatistical analysis, and then the priority pattern of heavy metal pollution control was determined. The purpose of this study is to provide data support for the exploitation and utilization of coastal areas of Yancheng City and the comprehensive control of heavy metal pollution in soil. The results show that the total amount of heavy metal elements in FL and IH of Erlang APPU FL and IH is much higher than that in NH in the present situation of heavy metal pollution. The corresponding concentration of. In particular, the total concentrations of CDAPP in ER and FL, Cuanap in IH and Pb in FL and Znin in FL and IH were significantly higher than those in NH. Although the four heavy metal elements show unpolluted state in each land use type, However, reclamation activities still have a significant impact on the potential damage of heavy metals to the pollution levels of FL and ER CDAPA FL and IH Cuanap and FL, and of FL and IH Zn. The potential damage of most heavy metals in these five land use types was relatively low, but the availability coefficients of CD and ER in APFL and the release rate of CD and Zn in AP were significantly higher than those in NH. In particular, the availability coefficients of CDDs in FL-33) and APG32) even exceeded 30%, which may be related to the relatively low soil pH and the content of MnO in the two land use types) for the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution. It shows an obvious trend that the southern region is smaller than the northern region, which may be related to the local natural conditions and the disturbance of human activities. In addition, in terms of the priority pattern of heavy metal pollution control, These priority areas are mainly concentrated in the Red crowned Crane Nature Reserve in the north and Sheyang Salt Farm and the Dafeng Milu Deer Nature Reserve in the south. Areas such as natural wetlands and breeding ponds around the Simaoyou Gate and the Liangduhe Gate. These areas are of high ecological service value and are less polluted by heavy metals. More attention should be paid to the treatment and land use of heavy metal pollution in coastal areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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