本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大氣細(xì)粒子譜 電暈放電 電遷移率 平板差分電遷移分析儀 法拉第杯 敏感電極　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,能源、汽車消費(fèi)日益增多,環(huán)境問(wèn)題變得尤其突出,特別是以大氣顆粒物污染為代表的大氣環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響人民生產(chǎn)生活。世界衛(wèi)生組織公布的全球空氣污染互動(dòng)式地圖表明中國(guó)顆粒物污染狀況非常嚴(yán)重,環(huán)保部公布的2015年環(huán)境報(bào)告也同樣顯示著國(guó)內(nèi)有近八成的城市空氣質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)。與傳統(tǒng)的PM10、PM2.5相比,低于500nm的小粒徑顆粒物對(duì)于人體的造成的損害更大,更不容易去除。而傳統(tǒng)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)粒徑檢測(cè)法和激光散射強(qiáng)度檢測(cè)法都是基于光學(xué)方法,對(duì)于300nm以下的超細(xì)顆粒物難以準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)。而基于顆粒物的電遷移檢測(cè)原理,沒(méi)有光學(xué)和激光部件,不需要維持特定的檢測(cè)環(huán)境,且在理論上不存在檢測(cè)下限,同時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸更易于小型化。相比于傳統(tǒng)的圓筒型差分電遷移分析儀,平板型差分電遷移分析儀具有更高的空間利用率,同時(shí)具有更低的制作成本,配合法拉第杯靜電計(jì)的微弱電流檢測(cè)更適用于分布式的聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和移動(dòng)便攜式使用,因此逐漸成為國(guó)際上研究大氣細(xì)顆粒監(jiān)測(cè)的主流方法。本文主要圍繞著基于電遷移的微電流檢測(cè)粒徑原理的小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的研制展開(kāi),本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有以下四部分組成。1.對(duì)小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的顆粒物荷電部分——?dú)馊苣z荷電器的研究設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)電暈放電理論結(jié)合擴(kuò)散荷電技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)小型單極性荷電系統(tǒng)。其中該系統(tǒng)有兩部分組成,電暈放電部分為基于電暈放電理論研制的氣溶膠荷電器,另一部分為高壓恒流源。氣溶膠荷電器采用針尖-圓弧放電結(jié)構(gòu),高壓恒流源為氣溶膠荷電器提供一個(gè)保持穩(wěn)定的電暈放電電流的高壓。對(duì)荷電系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了正極性和負(fù)極性電暈荷電效果的比較,并完成了不同粒徑大小的顆粒物荷電效率的標(biāo)定。對(duì)比了不同電暈電流下的內(nèi)外荷電效率,獲取到該系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)的外荷電效率和內(nèi)荷電效率。2.對(duì)小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的顆粒物分級(jí)部分——差分電遷移分析儀設(shè)計(jì)和研究。根據(jù)帶電粒子的電遷移理論,結(jié)合平板型差分電遷移分析儀的檢測(cè)理論,研制了一版小型平板型差分電遷移分析儀,理論計(jì)算了不同粒徑下的偏轉(zhuǎn)電壓。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,設(shè)計(jì)出顆粒物粒徑偏轉(zhuǎn)電壓標(biāo)定方案,測(cè)試并標(biāo)定了設(shè)計(jì)的平板型差分電遷移分析儀的各顆粒物粒徑的偏轉(zhuǎn)電壓。3.對(duì)小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的檢測(cè)部分——法拉第杯的設(shè)計(jì)和改進(jìn)。主要從法拉第杯的檢測(cè)原理,機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)入手。設(shè)計(jì)出一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,體積較小,可用于小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的法拉第杯。通過(guò)對(duì)法拉第杯的離子檢測(cè)模型進(jìn)行分析和建模,表明提高法拉第杯中敏感電極碰撞表面積可有效提高法拉第杯的離子檢測(cè)效率。4.根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的三個(gè)主要的部件,初步搭建了小型大氣細(xì)粒子譜儀的樣機(jī),完成各個(gè)部件的控制。對(duì)顆粒物的數(shù)濃度進(jìn)行初步的反演,獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)大氣細(xì)粒子的粒徑分布譜圖。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy, Chinese energy, automobile consumption is increasing, environmental issues become particularly prominent, especially air pollution by particulate air pollution as the representative has a serious impact on people's production and life. The global air pollution WHO announced the interactive map shows that the status of China particulate pollution is very serious, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced in 2015 the environmental report also revealed that domestic city has nearly 80% air quality non-compliance. Compared with the traditional PM10, PM2.5, 500nm lower than the smaller particle size is greater for the damage caused by the human body, more difficult to remove. While the traditional aerodynamic diameter detection method and laser scattering intensity are based on optical method for ultrafine particles, 300nm accurately detecting the particles. And electromigration detection based on the principle of no optical and laser components, not The need to maintain a specific environmental detection, and the detection limit does not exist in theory, and the structure size is easier for miniaturization of cylinder type. Compared to the traditional differential migration analyzer, flat type differential migration analyzer has higher space utilization, and lower production costs, with the weak current detection of the Faraday cup the electrometer is more suitable for distributed network monitoring and mobile portable use, it has gradually become the mainstream of international monitoring of atmospheric fine particles. This paper mainly focuses on the development of electric transfer micro current detection principle of small particle size of atmospheric fine particle spectrometer based on expansion, the main contents of this paper are the following four particles part.1. of the small atmospheric fine particle spectrometer charged part -- Study on the design of aerosol electric charges. According to the theory of corona discharge combined with diffusion charging technology. Design a small unipolar charge system. The system is composed of two parts, part of the corona discharge aerosol developed corona discharge theory of electric charges based on the other part for high voltage constant current source. The aerosol charge electric appliance tip arc discharge structure, high voltage constant current source provides a stable corona voltage the discharge current for aerosol charge electric appliance of charged system. Compared the positive and negative corona discharge effect, and completed the calibration of different particle size of the charging efficiency. Comparing the different inside and outside the corona current under the charge transfer efficiency, access to the design and study of particle analyzer the classification system optimal external charge efficiency and charge efficiency of.2. for small atmospheric fine particle spectrometer part. According to the difference of charged particle migration theory, differential mobility analyzer with flat type electric The detection theory, developed a small flat version of differential migration analyzer, theoretical calculation of the deflection voltage of different grain sizes. Combined with the existing experiment, design a particle size deflection voltage calibration scheme, testing and calibration of the flat design of poor design and improvement of electric migration deflection voltage.3. shift analyzer the particle size of small atmospheric fine particle spectrometer detection part of the Faraday cup. Mainly from the detection principle of the Faraday cup, starting with the design of mechanical structure. To design a simple structure, small size, can be used for small type atmospheric fine particle spectrometer of the Faraday cup. Analysis and modeling by ion the detection model of the Faraday cup, Faraday cup that raise sensitive electrode collision surface area can effectively improve the detection efficiency of the Faraday cup ion.4. according to the three main parts of the design, preliminary set A prototype of small atmospheric fine particle spectrometer was built to control all components. A preliminary inversion of particle number concentration was carried out to obtain the particle size distribution spectrum of fine particles in the laboratory.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X851

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 孫帥杰;劉俊杰;邢化朝;袁s，

本文編號(hào)：1511050