本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冬季人工濕地 水質(zhì)凈化 冬季減排績效評價體系 層次分析法 綜合指數(shù)法　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人工濕地技術(shù)作為常用的污水處理技術(shù),具有工藝簡單、操作便利、運行費用低、出水水質(zhì)好、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境多樣性等優(yōu)點。積極開展北方冬季條件下人工濕地建設(shè)、管理、水質(zhì)凈化效果研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義,特別是對我國目前已建成并成功運行的人工濕地,通過分析人工濕地對污染物的減排情況,評估冬季條件下人工濕地減排績效水平,將有利于優(yōu)化人工濕地冬季運行參數(shù),提升人工濕地管理水平,完善濕地減排績效管理工作,并對冬季條件下其他在建人工濕地提供指導(dǎo)。本文選取山東省3個人工濕地進行實地調(diào)研和跟蹤監(jiān)測,分析了3個人工濕地冬季水質(zhì)凈化效果和沿程水質(zhì)變化,評估了冬季條件下人工濕地減排績效,提出了冬季人工濕地運行管理的優(yōu)化對策與建議。本文主要進行了以下幾方面的工作:(1)通過對冬季D人工濕地、M人工濕地、X人工濕地水質(zhì)指標監(jiān)測分析,結(jié)果表明:冬季條件下人工濕地對污染物出去有較高的去除率,但出水水質(zhì)部分指標達不到國家地表水III水質(zhì)標準,這主要是由于進水水質(zhì)無法達到人工濕地設(shè)計進水水質(zhì)要求所致。D人工濕地對COD、氨氮、總氮、總磷平均去除率分別為77.59%、85.53%、52.19%、72.93%,M人工濕地對COD、氨氮、總氮、總磷平均去除率分別為47.17%、47.83%、75.66%、73.68%。X人工濕地對COD、氨氮、總氮、總磷平均去除率分別55.78%、81.55%、55.17%、34.43%。通過對濕地沿程水質(zhì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),潛流區(qū)人工濕地在冬季條件下對COD、NH3-N、TN去除效果好于表面流濕地,表流濕地后端污染物濃度趨于穩(wěn)定并有小幅度上升趨勢,其主要原因是存在大量的植物腐爛,造成污染物濃度不穩(wěn)定。(2)構(gòu)建了冬季條件下減排績效評價框架,包括目標層A、準則層B、指標層C,確定了冬季條件下人工濕地減排績效評價指標,選用了濕地構(gòu)建、濕地管理運行、冬季水質(zhì)凈化效果、經(jīng)濟和社會特征4個準則層來反映指標體系的總目標,并確定了“TN去除率、TP去除率、NH3-N去除率、COD去除率、出水指標達標率、池體設(shè)計、填料狀況、冬季植物的管理與保溫、噸水運行成本、冬季平均溫度、植物狀況、運行管理體系、水力停留時間、噸水運行成本、淤泥淤積”15個指標。采用層次分析法計算了指標權(quán)重,通過專家打分的方式確定各指標相對重要程度,確定了人工濕地減排績效評價標準,提出了人工濕地減排績效綜合指數(shù)法評價模型。(3)通過綜合評估模型對三個人工濕地進行冬季減排績效評價,D人工濕地冬季減排績效綜合評估得分73.55,評估結(jié)果均為良。M人工濕地冬季減排績效綜合評估得分64.94,評估結(jié)果均為中。X人工濕地冬季減排績效綜合評估得分68.85,評估結(jié)果為中。針對人工濕地的來水水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性、運行負管理體系、植物管理、淤泥淤積、冬季保溫等提出了對策和建議。
[Abstract]:As a commonly used sewage treatment technology, constructed wetland technology has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low operating cost and good effluent quality. To improve the diversity of ecological environment, it is of great practical significance to study the construction, management and water purification effect of artificial wetland under winter conditions in northern China. Especially for the constructed wetland which has been built and operated successfully in our country at present, through analyzing the emission reduction of pollutants in constructed wetland, the emission reduction performance of constructed wetland in winter is evaluated. It will help to optimize the operating parameters of constructed wetland in winter, improve the management level of constructed wetland, and improve the performance management of wetland emission reduction. And to provide guidance for other constructed wetlands under winter conditions. This paper selected three constructed wetlands in Shandong Province for field investigation and monitoring, and analyzed the water quality purification effect and water quality change along the course of the three constructed wetlands in winter. This paper evaluates the performance of artificial wetland emission reduction under winter conditions, and puts forward the optimized countermeasures and suggestions for the operation and management of constructed wetland in winter. In this paper, the main work of this paper is as follows: 1) through the winter D-constructed wetland. M constructed wetland X constructed wetland water quality indicators monitoring and analysis the results show that the constructed wetland in winter conditions have a higher removal rate of pollutants out. However, some indexes of effluent quality can not reach the national surface water III standard, which is mainly due to the fact that the influent water quality can not meet the requirement of designed influent water quality of constructed wetland. The average removal rates of total phosphorus were 77.59 and 52.190.The mean removal rates of total phosphorus were 72.93% and 72.93% respectively for COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. The average removal rates of total phosphorus were 47.17 and 47.83, respectively. The average removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in constructed wetland were 73.68 and 55.78% respectively. Through the analysis of the water quality along the wetland, it is found that the constructed wetland in the subsurface flow area is treated with CODNH3-N in winter. The removal efficiency of TN is better than that of surface flow wetland. The concentration of pollutants at the back end of surface flow wetland tends to be stable and has a small upward trend, which is mainly due to the existence of a large number of plant rot. The evaluation framework of emission reduction performance under winter conditions was constructed, including target layer A, criterion layer B, index layer C, and the evaluation index of emission reduction performance of constructed wetland under winter conditions was determined. Four criteria layers, wetland construction, wetland management and operation, water quality purification effect in winter, economic and social characteristics, were selected to reflect the total target of the index system, and "TN removal rate and TP removal rate" were determined. NH3-N removal rate, effluent index, tank body design, packing condition, plant management and heat preservation in winter, running cost of ton water, average temperature in winter, plant condition. Operation management system, hydraulic retention time, running cost of tons of water, silt deposition "15 indexes. AHP was used to calculate the index weight, and the relative importance of each index was determined by the way of expert scoring." The evaluation standard of artificial wetland emission reduction performance is determined, and the evaluation model of artificial wetland emission reduction performance comprehensive index method is put forward, which is used to evaluate the winter emission reduction performance of three constructed wetlands through comprehensive evaluation model. D constructed wetland in winter emission reduction performance comprehensive evaluation score 73.55, the assessment results are good. M constructed wetland in winter emission reduction performance comprehensive evaluation score 64.94. The evaluation results are: the comprehensive evaluation score of winter emission reduction performance of the constructed wetland is 68.85, the evaluation result is middle. For the stability of water quality of constructed wetland, negative management system, plant management. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, such as silt deposition, winter heat preservation and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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