本文關(guān)鍵詞： 甑皮巖 地下水 污染 水化學(xué) 硫氧同位素　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地下水作為水資源的一個重要組成部分,其分布廣泛,儲量豐富,水質(zhì)良好,便于開采,被作為世界上普遍的飲用水供水水源。地下水不僅可以作為居民的生活供水水源,同時也是工農(nóng)業(yè)的主要供水來源,因此,地下水對經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及人類生產(chǎn)生活至關(guān)重要。但是人類長期關(guān)注經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而忽視了環(huán)境保護,地下水的水質(zhì)不斷受到人類生產(chǎn)生活所帶來挑戰(zhàn),居民用水常常受到威脅。而巖溶系統(tǒng)作為一種脆弱的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),其發(fā)育廣泛,由于巖溶區(qū)特殊的地表、地下雙層結(jié)構(gòu),土壤層稀薄,造成基巖的大片裸露,由于缺少土壤的防護作用,各種地表和大氣污染物通過落水洞、豎井、漏斗、塌陷和溶蝕裂痕等通道進入巖溶地下水系統(tǒng)。巖溶地區(qū)受巖溶環(huán)境的制約,不當(dāng)?shù)耐恋乩脮箮r溶環(huán)境失衡,其中巖溶地下水水化學(xué)組分的變化以及污染就是最為嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題之一。水污染導(dǎo)致的水質(zhì)惡化等方面水質(zhì)安全問題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響著人民的生活質(zhì)量和社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。其中結(jié)合硫氧同位素示蹤地下水中硫酸鹽的污染來源,提高結(jié)果的科學(xué)性�？梢越鉀Q單一δ34SSO_4結(jié)果中值域的重疊現(xiàn)象。本文以甑皮巖及其附近地下水區(qū)域為研究對象,將硫氧同位素與傳統(tǒng)水化學(xué)方法相結(jié)合,分析地下水的物質(zhì)組成以及地下水水化學(xué)的時空變化趨勢,分析研究區(qū)地下水中SO_4~(2-)等污染物的降解,吸收,吸附作用規(guī)律以及污染物的持久性。根據(jù)硫同位素數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果分析研究區(qū)硫污染來源。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析得出如下結(jié)論:甑皮巖地區(qū)地下水水化學(xué)類型主要為HCO3-Ca和HCO3-Ca+Mg型,在不同月份和不同采樣點還表現(xiàn)為HCO3+SO_4-Ca+Mg,HCO3+SO_4-Ca型,2014年HCO3+SO_4-Ca+Mg型水較多,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-主要來自于甑皮巖主要含水巖組融縣組灰?guī)r及桂林組白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r,這三種離子與巖溶作用聯(lián)系緊密。其水化學(xué)特征反映了碳酸鹽巖的風(fēng)化溶解主要控制著區(qū)域地下水的物質(zhì)組成,同時,相對偏高的SO_4~(2-)反映出地下水可能受到人類活動的影響。受季風(fēng)性氣候的影響,降雨集中,地下水中各離子濃度雨季降低,旱季增大,與冬季相比,夏季各離子受到不同程度的稀釋作用。由于巖溶介質(zhì)的非均質(zhì)性和巖溶水的高度敏感性,巖溶水的水動力條件以及地球化學(xué)環(huán)境的不同,也就會形成水化學(xué)曲線的差異,主要表現(xiàn)為稀釋效應(yīng)和污染物淋濾效應(yīng)。污染物持久效應(yīng)可以通過衰減率和衰減速率來表現(xiàn)。陽離子中Na+的衰減率最大,K+的含量在溶洞水和管道水中主要呈現(xiàn)上漲趨勢,衰減率大多為20%~35%,只有在Y3呈現(xiàn)衰減。Ca2+和Mg+無明顯規(guī)律。陰離子中Cl-衰減率較大,多為20%~60%,裂隙水SO_4~(2-)和NO3-的衰減率波動范圍大于管道水,溶洞水與管道水中SO_4~(2-)的衰減率很低并且部分為正,裂隙水中各采樣點的變化幅度較大。除zk14出現(xiàn)增長外,NO3-在溶洞水和管道水的衰減率相似,為20%~30%,裂隙水的衰減率相比溶洞水和管道水略微偏高。研究區(qū)地下水主徑流帶衰減速率在各段以及豐水期和枯水期各不相同,陽離子中Ca2+的衰減速率最快,K+的速率最慢,陰離子中SO_4~(2-)變化速率較大在豐水期,SO_4~(2-)主要表現(xiàn)為從上游到下游為負(fù)的衰減速率,在枯水期則表現(xiàn)為從上游到下游正的衰減速率。甑皮巖地區(qū)附近地下水的δ~(34)SSO_4值的變化范圍在-4.14~8.13‰之間,均值為-0.91‰,除了zk10顯著偏正外,其它采樣點分布較為集中,δ18OSO_4值的變化范圍在-3.25~9.74‰之間,除了zk10,zk16,y1這三個點之外,其它采樣點分布比較集中,將研究區(qū)硫酸鹽主要可能來源端元進行投影,可以看出,甑皮巖地區(qū)地下水和地表水的硫氧同位素組成相對集中在大氣降水和無機硫氧化產(chǎn)物之間,這與之間的判斷較為相符,說明甑皮巖地區(qū)地下水硫酸鹽來自于大氣降水、煤渣的共同貢獻。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is an important part of water resources, which are widely distributed, rich reserves, good quality, easy to mine, known as the world's common drinking water. Groundwater can not only be used as living water supply of residents, the main source of water supply, but also the industry and agriculture therefore, groundwater on economic development and human production life is very important. But the human long-term focus on economic development while ignoring environmental protection, groundwater quality has been the production of human life brought challenges, the residents of water are often threatened. And the karst system as a fragile terrestrial ecosystem, which developed widely, because the surface of karst area, underground double structure, thin soil layer a large, exposed bedrock, due to lack of protective effect of soil, surface and air pollutants through sinkholes, shaft, collapse and funnel. Corrosion cracks and other channel into the karst groundwater system. Karst area is restricted by the karst environment, improper land use will make the karst environment imbalance, which changes the karst groundwater water chemical component and pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. The water quality deterioration of water quality safety problems caused by water pollution has seriously affected the development of the quality of people's life and social economy. The combined pollution sources of sulfate sulfur oxygen isotope tracer in groundwater, improve scientific results. Can solve the single Delta 34SSO_4 results in the range overlap phenomenon. This paper takes the zhenpiyan groundwater and its nearby region as the research object, combining the traditional sulfur oxygen isotope and water chemistry method for analysis of groundwater composition and temporal spatial variation of groundwater chemical trend analysis SO_4~ ingroundwater (2-) and other pollutants reduction The solution, absorption, adsorption law and persistent pollutants. According to sources of sulfur pollution in the study area of sulfur isotope data. Through data analysis, draws the following conclusion: groundwater zhenpiyan area is mainly HCO3-Ca and HCO3-Ca+Mg, in different months and different sampling points are shown as HCO3+SO_4-Ca+Mg, HCO3+SO_4-Ca, HCO3+SO_4-Ca+Mg in 2014 water more, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- mainly come from the zhenpiyan main aquifer Rongxian formation limestone and dolomitic limestone Guilin group, the three kinds of ions and karst closely. The hydrochemical characteristics reflect the carbonate rock weathering dissolution mainly control the regional groundwater composition, at the same time and the relatively high SO_4~ (2-) reflects the groundwater may be affected by human activities. Affected by the monsoon climate, rainfall, rainy season the ion concentration in groundwater decreased drought Ji Zengda, compared with the winter, summer is the ion dilution effect in different degree. Because of high sensitivity and heterogeneity of karst water in Karst medium, the hydrodynamic condition of karst water and different geochemical environments, the difference will also form a water chemistry curve, the main performance for the dilution effect and leaching effect of pollutants pollutants lasting. Effect can be achieved by the decay rate and decay rate. Cation decay rate of Na+, the content of K+ in karst water and water pipe are showing a rising trend, the decay rate is 20%~35%, only.Ca2+ and Mg+ attenuation at Y3 showed no obvious regularity. The anion decay rate of Cl- is large, multi 20%~60%, fissure water SO_4~ (2-) decay rate fluctuation range is more than NO3- and water pipes, water pipes and karst water SO_4~ (2-) the attenuation rate is very low and is positive, the fissure water sampling point change amplitude In addition to a greater degree. ZK14 growth, NO3- in karst water and water pipeline decay rate is similar to that of 20%~30%, the decay rate of fissure water and karst water pipe water compared to slightly higher. The groundwater Main Runoff zone decay rate in each section and the wet and dry seasons are different, Ca2+ cation in the fastest decay rate, the rate of K+ is the slowest, the SO_4~ ion (2-) change rate was larger in the wet season, SO_4~ (2-) is mainly from upstream to downstream for the decay rate of negative, in the dry season is from upstream to downstream is the decay rate of groundwater near the zhenpiyan area 8 ~ (34) SSO_4 values were in the range of -4.14~8.13%, average -0.91%, except zk10 significantly biased, the other sampling points distribution is more concentrated, the variation range of 18OSO_4 values at -3.25~9.74% between, in addition to zk10, zk16, Y1 these three points, the other sampling points distribution The study area is relatively concentrated, the main source of sulfate may element projection, can be seen that the sulfur isotope zhenpiyan area of groundwater and surface water composition is relatively concentrated in atmospheric precipitation and inorganic sulfur oxidation products, and this is consistent with the judgment between groundwater, sulfate zhenpiyan area from atmospheric precipitation, CO the contribution of the cinder.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.3;X523

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